考量彈性到達時段與成本差異下船席等候定價模式之研究

A Study on the Berth Queuing Pricing Model under the Condition of Flexible Arrival Time and Cost Difference

船席等候定價模式係透過以價制量的觀點，以收費來分散船舶密集的抵達狀態，進而舒緩船舶等候現象。在既有文獻之模式中，假設船舶之排隊等候時間成本均相同，且船舶報到時間為精準時刻。但該假設與海運實務現況下船舶因不同性質其排隊等候時間成本有所差異，以及船舶報到時間存在緩衝彈性時段有所不同。有鑑於此，本研究考量不同性質船舶對應不同的排隊等候時間成本，以及將船舶的固定報到時刻放寬為彈性到達時段下，重新建構船席等候定價模式。本模式首先計算出收費實施前之船舶均衡成本，據此推導出零等候彈性收費架構與階梯式彈性收費架構，最後以高雄港相關統計資料編寫程式進行數值分析，以模擬上述收費架構實施後之排隊等候消除效果。

The berth queuing pricing model is used to disperse the ship's over-intensive arrival status, and consequently relieve the ship queuing phenomenon. In the existing model, the value of the queuing time cost of the ship is the same, and the ship registration time requirement is the precise time spot. However, in the maritime practice status, the queuing time cost of the ship varies due to different types of properties, and the ship registration time also has a buffer flexible period. In view of this, this study considers the difference in the queuing time cost of ships, and relaxes the ship registration time to be a time period to reconstruct the berth queuing pricing model. This improved model first calculates the equilibrium cost of the ship before implementing the toll, then we can derive the optimal time-varying flexible toll scheme and step flexible toll scheme. Finally, using the relevant statistics of Kaohsiung Port to write a program for a numerical analysis of the effects of the above toll schemes on ship queuing reduction.