伊斯蘭在當代印尼政黨政治與選舉的地位

The Role of Islam in Contemporary Indonesian Party Politics and Elections

本文試圖從歷史層面來追溯伊斯蘭與印尼政黨政治之關係。本文首先探討伊斯蘭在印尼荷蘭殖民時期、日本殖民時期，反殖民時期，以及在獨立建國之後等歷史時期所扮演的角色與地位。接著討論印尼的伊斯蘭政黨在建國後歷次選舉的表現，本文發現到伊斯蘭政黨擁有穩定的民意支持，顯見伊斯蘭對政黨政治的高度影響力。最後，本文2019年印尼總統大選為案例研究，觀察到所有總統候選人都很重視伊斯蘭議題，並努力拉攏伊斯蘭政黨的支持。從佐科威總統選擇宗教學者阿敏擔任其副手，倚賴伊斯蘭宗教學者理事會鞏固東爪哇穆斯林票源，並在投票日前幾日前往到麥加朝聖，以形塑其虔誠穆斯林的形象，皆可發現伊斯蘭對印尼政黨政治及選舉的地位不言而喻。

This article aims to explore the relationship between Islam and Indonesian party politics from a historical perspective. It first studies the role and status of Islam in the Dutch colonial period, the Japanese colonial period, the anti-colonial period, and the historical period after the independent of Indonesia. Then, it discusses the performance of Indonesia's Islamic political parties in various elections after independence. It is found that Islamic political parties have stable public support, which shows that Islam has a high influence on party politics and elections, and that all presidential candidates valued Islamic issues, and thus strived to win support from Islamic political parties. From the evidence that President Joko Widodo (Jokowi) intentionally selected the religious scholar Mz'ruf Amin as his deputy, his relying on Nahdlatul Ulama to consolidate Muslims votes in the region of East Java, and he travelled to Mecca for pilgrimage before the polling day to shape the image of a devout Muslim, we can understand Islam's important status in Indonesian party politics and elections.