中國治理下的綠能政策擴散：以LED節能照明改善工程為例

Green Policy Diffusion under the Governance of China -- A case of LED Lighting Construction

在永續議題蓬勃發展的全球氛圍下，推展綠能產業儼然成為現代化城市治理之重要指標，城市間密集地進行著環境政策的擴散及學習，但既有文獻卻鮮少針對政策擴散本身的動機及過程進行研究。另一方面，中國地方政府以試點的精神授權地方政府進行群眾自治，這種中國特有的政策擴散模式在經濟改革開放初期帶來莫大效益，也型塑出別於西方政策擴散的中國特色。中國國務院在2013年《關於加快發展節能環保產業的意見》提出能源管理合同（EMC）模式，並正式引入公部門採購市場。沿海城市多項重大LED照明節能改造工程便係以EMC模式運行，節能照明專案的成功除了引起中央政府對於EMC的重視，也吸引內陸次級城市急於展現環保政績的目光，EMC正以中國特有的政策步調進行擴散。本研究首先回顧中國政策擴散實例，歸納中國政策擴散環境之特殊性，再檢視既有文獻，結合節能照明改善工程現況，進行深度訪談，發現傳統西方政策擴散理論無法適用於中國現處之環境政策生態，進而提出蜜蜂採蜜理論，說明企業的市場開拓工作，除實現企業獲利外，同時也為環保政策的擴散帶來莫大貢獻。這種相輔相成的綜效性，使政策擴散理論跳脫既有的西方框架，補充創造另一種思維，藉以精確描述中國獨特的政策環境。

Under the environmental protection and sustainable development in global fields, the advance of green energy industry has become an important indicator of the modern urban governance policy. Thus, the diffusion and learning of environmental policy are carried out intensively between cities and countries. The impact of the diffusion of public policy has been discussed widely, but most literatures lack of discussion on the motivations and processes of policy diffusion itself. On the other hand, the local government system of China inherited the pragmatism of the early Communist Party, which shaped significantly different Chinese policy culture from the traditional Western policy diffusion theory According to the ''The State Council issued opinions on accelerating the development of environmental protection and energy saving industry'' in 2013 in China, EMC （energy management contract）, as a latest market-oriented energy saving environmental protection services module, has step into the China government procurement market. Energy-saving lighting, as a pioneer in environmental protection industry, has rapidly developed from east cities to the west. The success of energy-saving lighting projects has caught central government's attention, which facilitated more cities to imitate. This research has firstly reviewed some real-world cases of policy diffusion in China. Secondly, we reviewed the literatures about policy diffusion theories, and combined the real-world situation of China's LED energy-saving lighting development, then implement deep interview with the target group, where it is found that the traditional theory of western policy diffusion cannot be perfectly applied to the environmental policy diffusion of China. In conclusion, we proposed the ''Bee theory'', indicating that the business strategy and market development work cannot only earn profit for the company itself, but also bring great distribution to the public policy diffusion. This synergy effect has brought policy diffusion theory out of the existing Western framework, and add another way of thinking, in order to accurately describe China's unique policy environment.