學校災害管理評估指標系統之建立

Assessment Indicator System of School Disaster Management

近年來全球各地災害發生頻繁且衝擊加劇，全球災害管理趨勢開始強調整體社會災害韌性之建構。學校在災害防救思維的啟蒙與啟動，及作為社區防災知識提供皆扮演了重要角色。為提升學校因應災害之韌性、降低災害衝擊，並協助學校確認防災工作之完整性，本文為延續性之研究成果，由Wang（2016）建構之校園災害管理架構為基礎，進而運用網路層級分析法進行專家問卷，取得評估因子之重要度及優先順序，建立學校災害管理評估指標系統，包含：「環境掌握」、「學校能力」、「校園防災地圖」、「相關資源導入」、「韌性防災教育推動」等5大面向37項指標。結果發現，學校災害管理作為首重韌性防災教育之推動，尤其演練之實施，其次為學校能力之建立，核心重點在學校行政主管之支持。最後以28所學校進行個案探討。建議學校可藉由本評估指標系統的定期檢視、確認各項災害管理工作，提升學校因應災害的韌性。

The incidence and impact of natural disasters have significantly increased in recent years. Global disaster management strategies have started to emphasize the establishment of social resilience to disasters. Schools play a decisive role not only in developing thoughts on disaster management, but as sources of community’s knowledge source about disaster. This is a continuous study, which focuses on school disaster management to help schools identify the entirety of disaster management work, enhance its resilience, and reduce the impact of disasters. Based on the framework of school disaster management established by Wang (2016), this study uses analytic network process to enable expert questionnaires to obtain the weight and priority of the evaluation factor, and revises an assessment indicator system for school disaster management with 37 indicators covering five major dimensions: environmental familiarity, school capability, school disaster management map, external resource importation, and disaster resilience education. Analytical results indicate that the most important factor in the establishment of school disaster resilience is the promotion of disaster resilience education, the Hybrid Control Post Exercise implementation in particular. This is followed by determining the school capacity establishment, especially with support from school administrators. Based on the evaluation of 28 schools, this study concludes that using the indicator system regularly to inspect and verify various disaster management tasks in schools will enhance their disaster resilience in the future.