東德對違反人道的間接犯罪者之審判

Prosecuting Indirect Perpetrators of Crimes against Humanity in Eastern Germany

本文探討1945年第二次世界大戰後，東德施行轉型正義的實踐與經驗，尤其是對因密告而違反人道的間接犯罪者之判決。盟國佔領法允許德國法院通過起訴違反人道的犯罪而特別制定的法規，意即告密者的起訴追溯期。亦探討在蘇聯佔領區內蘇聯軍政府的管理下，以及之後初期的德意志民主共和國中，法律的實施和對告密者之起訴。本文同時提出該法實施後，通過追溯已發生違反人道的犯罪的法律，所產生來自歷史角度上重大的獨特觀點與教訓，以及相關的實際問題。

This article examines the practices and experiences of administering transitional justice in postwar eastern Germany after 1945, focusing on the adjudication of informers as indirect perpetrators of crimes against humanity. Allied occupation law allowed for the prosecution of informers retroactively in the German courts through legislation specifically enacted for the purpose of prosecuting crimes against humanity. This paper examines implementation of the law and the prosecution of informers in the Soviet occupation zone, under the auspices of the Soviet military government administration, and later in the nascent German Democratic Republic of Germany. This paper also addresses the theoretical and practical problems associated with the implementation of the law and the lessons to be drawn from this historically significant attempt to call individuals to account for their crimes against humanity after they had occurred through the use of retroactive legislation.