壓力式潮位計原理與實務

On the Principle and Implementation of Pressure Tide Gauge

壓力式潮位計為感測水壓力，化算為水深度，以觀測潮汐之儀器。壓力的感測方式多元，以固體、液體、氣體為對象的感測，需要考量與設計之方式，多有不同。所觀測壓力之變化頻率與變化值區間，亦是儀器設計的重要影響因素。本文先介紹壓力感測之基本原理，再探討以潮位觀測為設定應用標的之儀器設計，並以實務案例，說明系統之運作方式。壓力式潮位計，由於其元件特性，設計與製作方式多元，可以產生多種價位之產品。並可以設計為一體封裝的封閉型系統，因而使用甚為普遍。
Pressure tide gauge measures and converts the pressure of water into depth to observe tidal changes. There are many ways to observe pressure. For measuring solid, liquid, or air mode objects, the factors that need to be considered in the design are different. The range and frequency of the pressure to be measured affects the design as well. This article reviews the principles of pressure sensors first, followed by the design of sensors for tide observation. Then, the practical implementation of pressure tide gauges is described. Due to the versatility of the pressure sensor design, the cost of pressure tide gauge products includes both high- and low-end products. Pressure tide gauges could also be designed and operated in the closed form. Consequently, pressure tide gauge is the most implemented type of tide gauge.