臺灣華語句末語氣詞「的」、「欸」之傳信範疇分析

The evidentiality of utterance-final particles de (的) and e (欸) in Taiwan Mandarin

地理與歷史環境變遷，臺灣華語有別於普通話發展出自己的特色（何萬順2009、鄭良偉1997、余伯泉等人1999）。說話者在日常生活對話中，用語氣詞來向聽話者傳達確切意思，使雙方達到有效的溝通目的。本文研究「的」、「欸」語氣詞的（1）傳信範疇，及（2）該傳信背後的主觀意義。研究將以錄音轉述的方式來蒐集語料，以預設立場（presupposition）和影射（implicature）為研究理論背景。結果顯示，「的」、「欸」語氣詞在時（tense）、體（aspect）、語氣（mood）上都有其確切和精巧的傳信範疇。且，在這樣的句末語氣詞之使用背後，有說話者的主觀意義，或預設或影射，都是人們在言談溝通時不可或缺的語用技巧和能力。我們期望本研究能提供臺灣華語教學和學習者，在語氣詞的教與學上更能合理的推論與掌握。

Taiwan Mandarin seems alike to Mandarin, but the usage of them are different. This happened over time due to historical and environmental factors (He 2009, Cheng 1997, Yu et al. 1999). In daily conversations, speakers use utterance-final particles to convey the exact meanings to their listeners, so that both parties can achieve communicative effectivity. This study aims to investigate (1). the evidentiality and (2). the subjective meaning of utterance-final particles. We interviewed native speakers of Taiwan Mandarin and examined the presupposition and implication with the interview transcript. The results show that the utterance-final particles de (的) and e (欸) convey their precise evidentiality in tense, aspect, and mood. Additionally, the usage of the particles is taken as an indispensable pragmatic skill and ability when people communicate with each other, because they include speaker's subjective meanings. Presupposition, implicature, or presupposition and implicature are used when people talk. We hope that this study can provide a resource for teaching utterance-final particles, and both teachers and learners of Taiwan Mandarin can reasonably infer and master them.