我國學幼童近視問題與對策

The myopia problems and solutions for Taiwan school children

近視是我國學生一項嚴重的健康問題，有鑑於此，行政院乃於1980年指示有關單位，邀集專家、學者召開「加強學生視力保健措施會議」，並擬定多項相關計畫希望能解決此問題。台灣學生的近視問題由於「近視年幼化」，所以目前國小一年級學生五個人就有一個以上的人近視，而國小畢業前已經有六成六的人已經近視。因為早發性的近視惡化的速率較快，將來易成為高度近視者，而高度近視者易導致視網膜剝離、黃斑病變等疾病，甚至失明。所以現階段的學生視力保健工作目標是遏阻高度近視之發生，也就是防止學童在國小畢業之前發生近視。要達成此目標其策略可分兩部分：一是預防方面，主要的是學幼童自主性低，預防近視的工作必須靠老師及家長的督促才能落實，所以如何讓老師與家長了解近視的成因與預防方法，是當務之急；二是矯治方面，如果學幼童發生了近視，如何能及早發現及早矯治，以免近視急遽惡化，這是亡羊補牢的工作。我國學生視力保健工作雖然歷經30多年的努力，仍未見到令人滿意的成效，但是我們不應因此而氣餒，相信只要努力不懈，必有解決問題的一天。

Myopia is one of students’ serious health problems in Taiwan. In view of this, the Executive Yuan invited experts and scholars convened "measures to enhance students' vision care conference", and proposed a number of related projects to resolve this problem in 1980. More than one-fifth of the first grade students suffer from myopia, and 66% of elementary school graduates have been suffering from myopia, so the main reason of myopia is too young to suffer from nearsightedness in Taiwan. Because sooner suffer myopia can cause the faster deterioration degree, it’s easy to become high degree myopia, and lead to retinal detachment, macular degeneration and other diseases, and even blindness for future So the student vision care work should aim to deter the occurrence of high degree myopia, which is to prevent the occurrence of myopia in children before graduating elementary school. Two strategies can achieve this goal:
1. Prevention: teachers and parents have to help children to healthy grow up, so they should first understand the causes and prevention methods of myopia.
2. Treatment: early detection and early treatment should be able to avoid rapid deterioration of myopia.
The student vision care work had been executed over 30 years, but did not see satisfactory results. We must continue to work hard to solve the problem until successful.