探討血液透析護理人員情緒勞動、工作壓力與生活品質關係之研究——以中部 地區為例

Investigating the Relationships Between Emotional Labor, work Stress, and Quality of life Among Hemodialysis Nurses in Central Taiwan

目的：本研究目的為探討血液透析護理人員情緒勞動、工作壓力與生活品質三者間之關係。方法：採橫斷式研究設計，立意取樣中部地區血液透析護理人員為研究對象，包含醫學中心、區域醫院、地區醫院及基層診所共計發放250份問卷，有效問卷回收204份，問卷內容包含個人基本屬性資料、情緒勞動、工作壓力及生活品質等量表，使用獨立樣本T檢定、單因子變異數分析、多元線性迴歸等方法進行資料分析與統整。結果：研究對象情緒勞動、工作壓力及生活品質皆屬中上程度，且情緒勞動及工作壓力中部分構面顯著受到婚姻狀態及醫院層級的影響。情緒勞動對生活品質呈負相關但未達顯著差異（β=-0.001, p=0.966），工作壓力對生活品質有顯著預測力（β=-0.387, p<0.01），且工作壓力具完全中介效果。即情緒勞動越高，工作壓力感受越大，生活品質越低。結論：整體而言，血液透析護理人員情緒勞動與生活品質呈負相關，工作壓力對生活品質具有顯著預測力，此研究結果可作為臨床護理人員轉職前之參考，也讓行政管理者重視血液透析護理人員情緒勞動的付出，於執業場所設置健全的紓壓管道，且定期監測員工工作壓力指數，根據個別需求調整業務內容，促使醫療照護品質的提升。（澄清醫護管理雜誌2020；16（3）：29-36）

Purposes: The present study aimed to investigate the relationships between emotional labor, work stress, and quality of life among hemodialysis nurses. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was adopted. Hemodialysis nurses in medical centers, regional hospitals, district hospitals, and clinics in central Taiwan were selected as subjects through purposive sampling. A total of 250 questionnaires were distributed, and 204 valid questionnaires were returned. The questionnaire consisted of basic demographic items and scales for measuring emotional labor, work stress, and quality of life. Data were statistically analyzed using the independent samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis. Results: Results: showed that emotional labor, work stress, and quality of life of the subjects were all in the medium-high range. Furthermore, certain constructs of emotional labor and work stress were significantly influenced by nurses’ marital status and the hospital level they worked in. Added to this, emotional labor was negatively correlated with quality of life, but the relationship was not statistically significant (β=-0.001, p=0.966). Work stress was found to be a significant predictor of quality of life (β=-0.387, p<0.01) and acted as a complete mediator, i.e., work stress increased and quality of life decreased with an increase in emotional labor.Conclusions: Among hemodialysis nurses, emotional labor was negatively correlated with quality of life, and work stress was a significant predictor of quality of life. The results of this study may serve as reference for clinical nursing personnel considering a job transfer, and enable administrators of medical institutions to recognize the emotional labor performed by hemodialysis nurses. Study results may also help to improve the quality of healthcare through the establishment of proper stress-relief channels in the workplace, regular monitoring of the work stress indicators of employees, and adjustment of work duties in accordance with individual needs. (Cheng Ching Medical Journal 2020; 16(3): 29-36)