東北調查委員會與抗戰末期國民政府復員東北的籌劃

The Northeastern Provinces Investigation Committee and Demobilization Preparation of the National Government of China

中國東北地區自1932年起，在滿洲國的長期統治下，政治、經濟與社會狀態皆獨立發展。在抗戰接近尾聲的1944年，國防最高委員會中央設計局成立了東北調查委員會，作為調查與設計東北復員事務的專職機構。本文利用東北調查委員會的業務檔案及國民政府有關東北事務之史料，分析該機構的組織及調查設計成果，呈現中央籌劃東北復員事務的過程。東北調查委員會在研究與設計工作上甚為積極，該會委員也經常參與不同機構與團體對東北復員事務的討論，逐步累積出的成果對草擬復員計畫有所助益。該機構所編擬的調查報告內容廣泛，但在資料的取得上存在局限性，影響到其對於東北現況的理解程度。在戰後東北接收與復員的困難過程中，東北調查委員會所擬定的《東北復員計畫》似乎難以應付大局，但也體現出中央在戰爭結束當下對東北復員的直接構想。而在培訓復員所需之人才方面，本應由該機構主導，但最終改由中央幹校辦理，受訓人數未達理想。其後派赴東北人員所遭遇的困難處境，也體現出東北復員事務存在的複雜性。

In 1931, the northeast china was occupied by the Japanese Army which established a puppet regime for 14 years. Near to the end of the Second Sino-Japanese War, the National Government of China wanted to recover this place but they were facing the different political, social and economic situations. In this case, the Nationalist Party founded the Northeastern Provinces Investigation Committee in 1944, to prepare the demobilization of northeast China. This paper uses the archives of the Committee and its Plan of Demobilization to analyze the effect of its work and staff training. There were another committee founded to investigate Taiwan in same time, so compare these two institutions is useful to this research. After the world war II, the northeast china was put into a diplomatic issue, the real situation of recover was different from the imagination, it made the National Government of China hardly follow the Plan to demobilize this area. In addition, some trained staff faced many difficulties when they fulfilling their work in northeastern provinces. Those situations reflect the limitation of the Committee's capability, also show the complexity around northeast china after war.