外籍生人格特質對生活適應的影響：大學服務措施的調節效果

The Moderating Effect of Service Measures on the Personality Traits and Life Adaptation of Foreign Students

因應少子化趨勢，大學愈來愈重視境外招生，如何做好外籍生生活適應的協助工作，成為大學境外招生的助力，也是重要的議題。本研究主要在探討外籍生的人格特質是否會影響其生活適應，以及大學所提供的服務措施，是否調節人格特質對其生活適應的影響效果。在本研究中，人格特質包括：外向性、和善待人、勤勉可靠性、神經質與對新事物的接受性等不同面向；生活適應依因素分析法區分為社會文化適應、個人壓力適應與社交適應三大因素。透過訪談五間大學的國際中心等相關教職員，來了解大學所提供的服務措施。研究參與者包括來自越南、中國大陸、馬來西亞、香港、澳門、印度等外籍生共200位，以問卷方式收集相關資料並進行分析。實證結果顯示：人格特質中的外向性、和善待人、勤勉可靠性與對新事物的接受度等皆對其社交適應有正向的影響；人格特質中的神經質對其個人壓力適應有負向的影響，而人格特質中的和善待人對其個人壓力適應有正向的影響；人格特質中的和善待人、勤勉可靠性與對新事物的接受度等皆對其社會文化適應有正向的影響。大學所提供的服務措施，對外籍生來說不論在社交適應、個人壓力適應或社會文化適應都有正向的幫助。服務措施也同時在人格特質對其生活適應的影響關係中，產生調節效果。

Due to the trend towards fewer children, universities are paying more attention to overseas enrollment. How to assist foreign students in life adaptation has become an important issue. The purpose of this study was to explore (1) the relationships between personality traits and life adaptation, and (2) the possible moderating effect of the service measures on the relationships between personality traits and life adaptation. Personality traits in the study include extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness to experience, and neuroticism. Life adaptation was divided into three factors (cultural adaptation, personal stress adaptation and social adaptation) by exploratory factor analysis. This study interviewed faculty members of relevant institutions such as the International Service Centers of the five universities to understand the service measures provided by the university. Participants in the study included 200 foreign students from Vietnam, mainland China, Malaysia, Hong Kong, Macau and India. Data was collected via questionnaires and analyzed through correlation analysis, factor analysis and regression analysis. The results show that extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience predicted social adaptation. Neuroticism was found to be negatively related to personal stress adaptation. Agreeableness was found to be positively related to personal stress adaptation. Agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience were found to be positively related to cultural adaptation. The service measures provided by universities predicted cultural adaptation, personal stress adaptation and social adaptation. Some of the relationships between personality traits and life adaptation were moderated by the service measures.