不同目標設定方式對高齡者提升身體活動量之影響：以智慧健身手環為介入

The influence of different goal setting strategies on promoting physical activity in older adults using smart fitness trackers

緒論：近年來智慧健身手環成為激勵人們提高運動動機與維持身體活動量的重要裝置，為改善大多數高齡者身體活動量不足之問題，本研究招募高齡者佩戴智慧健身手環，以評估不同目標設定策略對高齡者身體活動量之影響。方法：本研究將臺灣偏鄉社區30位高齡者隨機分成兩組並持續佩帶6週智慧健身手環，個別化組的受試者每週得到比前一週的步數增加10％的個別化目標建議步數，通用化組則統一接收到日行一萬步的目標。為瞭解六週的智慧健身手環是否對身體活動量（步數）有影響，以WilcoＸon signedrank test考驗實驗前後的差異，此外，為比較個別化與通用化組兩組間的差異，以Mann—Whitney Utest考驗改變量的差異。結果：受試者平均年齡為77.5歲（範圍：61—88歲），66.7％為女性。在六週的介入後，個別化組的受試者在步數有顯著的上升，從每日平均4401步進步至6648步（p =.002），在通用化組方面，也從每日平均3102步進步至5945步（p =.002），達到顯著的進步。總體來說，個別化組在短期的兩週內相較於通用化組有立即效果，但比較兩組間六週內的進步步數幅度，則沒有顯著的差異（p =.862）。結論：智慧健身手環對偏鄉高齡者的身體活動量有正面效益，但不同目標設定的個別化組與通用化組則沒有顯著的差異，未來可透過使用智慧健身手環監測高齡者的健康資訊，提升健康，共創活躍老化的願景，然而在運用不同目標設定策略的介入需在訊息提供方面更仔細的設計，方能確保策略有效。

Introduction: Fitness trackers have become a popular means to motivate people to monitor their physical activity levels and maintain regular active lifestyles; however, most older adults do not obtain the recommended physical activity level to benefit their health. Hence, this research investigates the influence of fitness trackers with different goal setting strategies for older adults on physical activity. Methods: A total of 30 older adults living in a rural county in Taiwan wore fitness trackers daily for six consecutive weeks. Participants were divided into two groups by stratified randomization: The individual group received individualized goal setting based on their individual physical activity level, while the universal group received universal goal setting (10000 steps per day) every week. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was adopted to examine the change in physical activity levels measured by fitness trackers. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare goal setting effects between the individualized group and the universal group. Results: The mean age of the participants was 77.5 years (range: 61-88 years). A total of 66.7 % were female. After the intervention, the individual group had increased their daily steps from 4401 to 6648 steps per day (p = .002), while the universal group also had changed from 3102 to 5945 steps per day (p = .002). The participants in both groups showed a significant increase in physical activity (steps). Overall, compared to the universal group, the individual group experienced immediate effects within a short period of two weeks. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups (p = .862). Conclusion: Fitness trackers have a positive effect on the physical activity of older adults in rural areas. However, there is no significant difference between the goals of the individual and universal groups. Different goal setting strategies should be carefully designed with an information delivery method to allow for effectiveness. In the future, fitness trackers can be used to monitor the health information of older adults, improve their health, and create a vision of active aging.