轉型正義的實踐與影響：東帝汶經驗檢視

Unintended Balance, Unrealized Accountability: Transitional Justice in Timor-Leste

亞太地區的轉型正義個案中，東帝汶具有相當特出之地位，1999年獨立公投動亂後10年間，重要的轉型正義機制在不同行為者推動下展開運作。本文對於東帝汶追求轉型正義的實踐經驗進行系統性的分析整理，並討論其對於東帝汶社會所帶來之影響。本文發現東帝汶重罪特別法庭在制度設計與運作上皆未能符合初衷，另一方面，先後出現的兩個真相委員會固然也受到政治因素牽制，但其運作不經意間形成互補效應，在真相釐清的目標上達成一定效果。在制度的影響上，東帝汶的制度實踐與宏觀的規範性目標間並無明確的經驗證據支持，然此等政治工程的影響，或許須更細緻的由民間社會群體的行動與實踐中加以觀察。

Among the societies that had pursued transitional justice enterprise, Timor-Leste was unique for diverse measures taken within the first decade since the 1999 crisis. This study intends to review the major institutional mechanisms adopted in Timor-Leste to respond the human rights abuses and assess their impacts. It is found that despite the pragmatic concern of diplomacy, the restorative justice (embodied in two truth commissions) contributed to the revelation of the truth. In contrast, the operation of the Special Panels for Serious Crimes was mitigated by insufficient support externally and internally. The record of the court showcases the typical predicament facing hybrid courts. In terms of broad impacts, there is limited evidence to support the positive effects brought by the mechanisms operated in Timor-Leste. Nevertheless, new actors and campaigns have been inspired by the legacies, and this society-oriented approach deserves further attention in the future.