重探「紅毛」的位移：西拉雅語發微

Aberration of “Red-haired Writings＂ Revisited: The Sirayan Language

明代天啟四年（1624），荷蘭東印度公司武裝人員侵臺，凡三十八年，約十年後開辦學校，收納新港之原住民，以拉丁字母拼寫西拉雅語，亦將荷蘭文之教會書刊譯成以拉丁字母注音之西拉雅語教本，世稱之為「紅毛字」。紅毛一詞，其初概指荷蘭之軍民，後遂演變為西洋事物之俗稱。此「紅毛」之稱謂於中國南方亦甚流行，如粵語方言及閩南語至今仍保有此說法，亦有若干方言辭彙以「紅毛」為形容述詞，如泛稱西洋人為「紅毛番」者。本文利用史料和現仍存在於臺灣之「紅毛」遺跡，以可搜尋得到的紅毛文樣本和紅毛城的建物，探索該觀念所包含之特定西洋人的範疇，同時將從風俗、教育觀點分析此觀念所加給時人的觀感、明清之際漢番的文書表達方式，以及時人借用西洋書寫方式來處理有音無字之語言學課題。雖然「紅毛字」並未成為臺灣吸收西方文化的主流，不若日本之發展其蘭學（Rangaku，らんがく）過程，然而「紅毛」現象之出現，有助於探討中外文化交流從抗拒、蔑視、到應變接納的歷程。

In 1624 a detachment of the Dutch East Indies Company landed in Taiwan and began 38 years of colonization. Ten years after their invasion, some of their group transcribed the local language phonetically by means of Latin alphabets and recruited the native people to learn the system, teaching them their indigenous language in script as well as the Dutch Protestant doctrines in translation. The dominant local language selected for translation and proselytization was Sirayan, an Austronesian language. Such texts written in Dutch alphabets were branded as “red-haired language.” Initially, the “red-haired” depicts the Dutch and things related to them. Eventually the term becomes a common name for all matters from the Western world. In fact, this descriptive term “red-haired” is quite popular in Southern China. Dialects such as Cantonese, Taiwanese and Mandarin still preserve the label, to address Western people in general as “red-haired barbarians.” By means of historical data and documents, this paper probes into the red-haired remnants in Taiwan and reinvestigates the concept of “red-haired” anew. This will involve social mores, educational strategies and evangelization intent of the Dutch Protestant Church as well as the Dutch East Indies Company policies. The focus is on the Dutch handling of the Sirayan language, shaping up an oral language into a written one. Unlike the “Rangaku” (study of the Dutch/Western culture) phenomenon in Japan, the codification of the Sirayan written language has not developed to become a means for the Taiwan aborigines to absolve Western culture. Nevertheless, this Sirayan “red-haired language” accords us with new light to understand the neglected role of the red-haired people during the cultural interaction between Taiwan and Holland in the 17th century.