促進就業政策之跨計劃研究：政策利害關係人途徑

A Stakeholders Approach to Cross-Policy Performance Evaluation of Promotion Employment Programs

本研究以「多元就業開發方案」、「立即上工計畫」、「青年職場體驗中程計畫」與「培育優質人力促進就業計畫」等四項計劃為研究對象。本研究除探討促進就業政策評估的文獻外，並說明四項計畫內容的異同，進而從政策利害關係人途徑，以電話調查四項計畫可評估的共同項目。問卷調查的母群體以2009年參與計畫為主，調查對象資料擬透過執行機關協助取得僱用單位與其計畫參與者名單。設計問卷內容涵蓋僱用單位與計畫參與者對於參與方案認知、選擇理由、參與經驗、滿意度、影響及建議。由於四項方案在目標與執行策略上有所差異，本研究針對四項計畫的共同政策理念、目標與策略設計共同調查題目，以作為比較基礎，並針對四項計畫的特性，設計執行評估與影響評估的差異性題目。本研究執用人單位與進用人員1,600位的調查。分析四項計劃在近似期間執行，因部分計畫鎖定對象未能明確產生區隔，在計劃執行過程中不可避免將會產生資源導入重疊的效應與機會成本問題。因而建議強化跨部會的協調機制，以使資源有效配置，並建議政府及早建置失業者分類架構，並藉由實證分析，釐清不同類別的失業者所適合的協助方案。

In recent years, the government has endorsed wage subsidies as a policy instrument to deal with this country's diverse unemployment since financial crisis of 2007. The major purpose of this paper is to compare implementation process and effectiveness of four promotion employment policies from the stakeholder approach. The research considers Multiple Employment Program, Instant Employment Plan, Youth Work Experience Program and Promotion of Employment through Improving Quality Human Project as cross-policy research objectives. Those programs are characterized as types of wage subsidies policy to raise employment levels. This paper takes stock of the relevant literature and conducts a telephone survey to obtain insights into wage subsidy design and implementation issues. The research also investigates whether this policy measure is appropriate in dealing with diverse unemployment problem. Those interested parties are surveyed to understand their experience of participating in those programs, policy satisfaction and their opportunity cost viewpoint. The research argues that although wage subsidies may be successful at creating jobs, they should not be seen as the primary or dominant policy instrument for dealing with the broader unemployment problem. The research also finds that grant standards are inconsistent with the each other; it shows trade-off and competition among the programs. To enhance the effectiveness of wage subsidies, they should preferably be linked to structured workplace training, be targeted to industries where employment will be responsive to changes in labor costs, and be focused on the unemployment. The research suggests that the relevant authorities review and improve existing administrative operations of those programs, the contents of streamlining processes and operations to reduce administrative procedure pressure.