韓語補助詞在《標準國語大辭典》的文法記述之探討──以形態特性和項目設定為中心

An Analysis of Grammatical Descriptions of Korean Bojosas in -- Focus on Morphological Characteristics and List Definitions

補助詞的研究題材非常多，多以語意和語用的研究為主，句子結構的研究較集中在補助詞前面所能連接的各種詞語及其排列順序。補助詞和格助詞不一樣，前面除了名詞類之外，助詞類、副詞語、連結語尾、終結語尾都可以出現，但不是每個補助詞所接的詞語種類都一樣，因此學者們對於補助詞的識別標準和項目設定也不同，例如최현배（1946）主張23個、홍사만（2004）17個、채완（1993）20個、이남순（1996）14個、남윤진（2000）39個、임홍빈（1999）36個、임동훈（2004）17個…，這幾位代表性學者的主張可謂差距甚大。本論文先以國立國語院《標準國語大辭典》為對象進行探討，登錄在字典的補助詞約有60個，若扣除現代韓語不太使用的詞（如，곧，서껀，손）、異形態（如，ㄴ／은／는，나마／이나마）和複合型（如，치고는），剩下35個，其中沒有爭議的只有7個（까지，는，도，만，부터，야，조차）。本文先整理學者們對補助詞文法特性的主張，再針對這35個補助詞在字典的記述進行整理，包含語意、文法說明、例句等，找出優點及待補強部分，希望能透過本研究找到適合的辨別標準方法，同時也提供國立國語院在編寫補助詞的文法記述上些許改善的建議，以及對補助詞的研究與學習有所幫助。

There is a lot of study material available about Bojosa, most studies are based on semantics and pragmatics; while the studies of syntactics concentrate more on all kinds of morpheme that can be in conjunction with Bojosas, as well as their sequence. Different from case particles, Bojosas can be used with particles, adverbials, connective endings, and final endings, but not with nominals. However, not all morphemes connected to Bojosas are the same, therefore scholars have different identification criteria and list definitions about Bojosas. Before the thesis discovers the reasonable identification criteria, we will be investigating by the National Institute of Korean Language as the source. There are about 60 Bojosas registered in the dictionary, and if we omit the less frequent modern Korean words (such as 곧, 서껀, 손), allomorph (such as ㄴ/은/는, 나마/이나마), and combining-form (such as 치고는), there are 35 Bojosas remaining, in which only 7 Bojosas are not controversial. This thesis will collate opinions of various scholars first. And then to sort out the dictionary descriptions, including semantics, grammatical characteristics, example sentences etc., and discovering the advantages and improvements from the descriptions about the 35 Bojosas. The purpose of this study is to determine the standard methods appropriate for differentiating Bojosas, and to advise on improvement with regard to grammatical descriptions defined by the National Institute of Korean Language. Moreover, the study findings may serve as a guide for further research and studies on Bojosas.