智慧醫療對護理從業人員在開發中國家的探討

Exploration of Smart Healthcare in the Context of Nurse Professionals in Developing Countries

未來十年護理工作將伴隨著資訊應用而改變各種護理工作，人員與技術的交流更加頻繁，疾病的多樣性與資源的不平均也讓許多護理工作存在更多不確定性，聯合國永續發展目標中，護理人員可扮演做出重大貢獻的角色，支持護理工作實現未來的技術進步和挑戰更加重要。面對開發中國家的護理實務，應重視包括擴大電子健康記錄的使用；行動裝置及可穿戴設備對臨床工作的影響；大數據分析後的人工智慧潛力；最終提升患者的參與度，如在馬拉威的愛滋病門診中，透過雲端串連起全國統計數據；在南非的社區計畫中利用行動裝置結合穿載設備，收集偏遠村莊患者生理數據；在馬紹爾的案例中導入全院性資訊系統，並與世界衛生組織合作在該國的全國性肺結核公共衛生檢疫工作；最後在越南智能血液透析照護利用設備物聯網的概念，減輕護理人員的工作與技能上的培訓，降低病患風險。在可預期的未來，護理從業人員在對資訊科技的態度對臨床工作有重大影響，同時和人性關懷間如何取得平衡也將考驗未來的護理實務。

In line with information and communication technology (ICT) trends, nursing practice and its preparations are expected to change fundamentally over the coming decade. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), issued by the United Nations, identify nurses as playing a significant role in achieving these goals and as using new technologies that will likely change how they deliver care to patients. Particularly for nursing care in developing countries, it is essential to emphasize the increased use and interoperability of electronic health records (EHR), mobile devices, big data analytics, and artificial intelligence. Four case studies, including the Malawi HIV system, community-based mobile APP in South Africa, the cloud base hospital information system (HIS) project in Marshall island, and smart hemodialysis in Vietnam, are examined in this article. In the near future, both information technology skills and interaction will have a significant impact on the nursing profession.