「自由祖國」還是「愛國主義教育基地」？旅臺陸生的認同、情感與意義建構

“Free Motherland” or “Patriotic Education Base”? Identity, Emotion and Meaning Construction of Mainland China's Students in Taiwan

2011年，臺灣開放大陸地區學生來臺攻讀學位，政策初衷認為可以通過增加陸生對臺灣政治與社會的認同，繼而化解衝突，促進兩岸和平。七年多過去了，陸生群體究竟發生了什麼變化，過去的研究多聚焦於交換生而非學位生，而其中那些與臺灣有著千絲萬縷聯繫的閩南籍陸生及其族群認同的研究更是付之闕如。本文透過對33位旅臺陸生學位生的深度訪談，以及七年多來的參與式觀察和追訪所累積的一手資料，從以往較少關注的情感與意義建構的角度入手，探究陸生旅臺之後國族認同的變化過程及其機制。本文指出，過去認為陸生在臺灣的日常生活實作將有助於加深彼此瞭解的說法過於簡單。正是受傷害的情感與意義的重構，繼而造成了陸生旅臺之後群體的分化與重組。最後，面對習近平新時代「中華民族偉大復興」話語下所激發的日益高漲的中國民族主義，以及臺灣年輕世代強烈的「天然獨」意識，文章提出避免雙方衝突加劇的可能方式。

In 2011, the KMT government approved the policy for Chinese mainland students to pursue university degrees in Taiwan. The original intention of this policy was to increase mainland students' acknowledgement of Taiwan's regime and to also entertain conflict and to promote cross-Straits peace. Seven years later, previous studies focused on exchange students and not on degreepursuing students. Other than that, there is also lack of research on the identity relationship between the students from southern Fujian China (閩南) and Taiwan native ethnic groups. This paper uses research based on the in-depth interviews with 33 mainland students in Taiwan and with the first-hand data that was accumulated by participatory and tracking observations for more than 7 years. The paper also focuses on the perspective of emotion and meaning construction which has been paid less attention to in the past. Lastly, it explores the changing process and mechanism of the national identity of the mainland students. The research shows the contradictory result to the initial purpose of the policy. It also found that the reconstruction of meaning after feeling hurt led to the differentiation and reorganization of the mainland students. In conclusion, the paper also explores the possible way to avoid the intensification of the conflict across the Strait, which was caused by the young generation in China and their attitude towards rising nationalism under Xi's new era as well as with them facing the “natural independence” mentality in Taiwan.