「銳實力」概念於「後」中國崛起時期之理論化探究

Theorizing “Sharp Power” in Post-Rising China

「銳實力」概念從2017年出現至今，已經引起國內外廣泛的討論。此概念指出，中國或是俄羅斯等威權主義國家，近幾年透過媒體、網絡等等不同管道，試圖操控新聞、編造假消息、滲透民主國家的政治體制，已經對許多國家造成威脅。而這樣的行為，與以往過去吾人所熟知的各種權力概念──例如軟實力──有所不同，因此，需要另外提出新的概念來形容這種由威權主義國家所實踐的新作為。然而，目前對於「銳實力」的探討僅停留在表面的、媒體式的討論，缺乏更為理論化、系統性的文獻檢閱。有鑑於此，本文試圖將「銳實力」概念放在一個「後」中國崛起時期中進行理論化探討，並透過現有國際關係文獻中對於權力面向的各種討論、過往／近期對於中國崛起現象的理解、以及中國外交政策實踐的成效，來重新檢視「銳實力」的意義。本文認為，唯有透過相關議題背景的梳理和檢討，才有可能避免讓「銳實力」概念成為一種彰顯特定（西方）政治立場、或政治正確的媒體宣傳工具。

Since its first use in 2017, the term sharp power has attracted discussion and analysis worldwide. The concept has been used to describe how authoritarian regimes such as those in China and Russia use a combination of media manipulation, deceptive information, and social disruption to achieve political goals in targeted (mostly democratic) countries. After reviewing all the significant literature on the subject, this paper argues that the sharp power concept deserves more attention than it has received so far. To theorize the sharp power concept, the author considers multiple power dimensions in the international relations discipline in a general sense, as well as particularly focusing on China's development, and suggests that the concept should not be approached in an isolated manner, but rather, according to a contextualized status that emphasizes connections between existing issues. The concept appears to be a product of the current period following China's emergence as a global power--that is, of the post-rising China age. By examining relevant issues and background data, we can avoid mistakenly using the sharp power idea to represent specific (i.e., Western) political positions or political correctness, as is commonly found in mass media sources.