跨步單手拋壺訓練對保齡球專項體能及運動表現之影響

Effects of kettlebell swing to lunge throw training on specific fitness and performance in bowlers

緒論：保齡球運動須手持11-16磅的球，經由下肢助走上肢鐘擺的配合，將球投擲至全倒位置，壺鈴特殊外觀及擺盪動作與保齡球投擲動作有高度相似性，本研究擬以跨步單手拋壺訓練之保齡球專項體能的間歇課表，比較有無拋壺訓練對保齡球選手身體組成、專項體能與運動表現之影響。方法：研究對象為高中保齡球選手共19位（年齡16.16±0.90歲；球齡3.05±1.08年），採性別分層隨機分配至跨步單手拋壺（實驗組）與跨步單手盪壺（控制組），進行8週訓練，每週3次。以混合設計二因子變異數比較不同訓練對保齡球選手身體組成、專項體能及運動表現之差異。結果：一、身體組成：壺鈴訓練對於的兩組皆能顯著增加右及左腿肌肉量，控制組能顯著改善腰臀圍。二、專項體能：壺鈴訓練皆能顯著提升兩組的0°動態平衡，另外，實驗組提升右手握力及225°動態平衡。三、運動表現：則未達顯著差異。結論：保齡球選手介入8週、每週3次的間歇保齡球專項訓練課表能顯著增加身體組成的左右腿肌肉量、提升專項體能右手握力、0°及225°右腳及左腳的動態平衡能力。壺鈴專項訓練課表對保齡球選手不會有負向影響，能些微改善身體組成、專項體能及運動表現，未來建議可調整訓練課表負荷及增加訓練動作數量改善保齡球運動表現。

Introduction: The bowling movement pattern integrates of upper limbs swing and lower limbs step then throwing 11-16 lbs. ball to pocket. Based on kettlebell special appearance and swing training are similar to the bowling throwing pattern, we planned specific physical interval training for bowlers. This study was to investigate effects of kettlebell training on body composition, physical fitness and performance in bowlers. Methods: Total 19 high school elite bowlers (age: 16.16 ± 0.90 years, pro age: 3.05 ± 1.08 years).They were randomly assigned by multistage stratified sampling divided into kettlebell swing to lunge throw (KSLT) and kettlebell swing to lunge (KSL) groups, were trained 3 times per week for 8 weeks. The data was analyzed by two-way ANOVA mixed design with difference to 2 groups. Results: The 8-week kettlebell training, body composition was significantly increased two leg muscle mass in both groups and improve waist-hip ratio in KSL (p < .05); The physical fitness was increase right grip strength in KSLT, dynamic balance of 0° in both groups and 225° in KSLT (p < .05), but performance was not changed in both (p > .05). Conclusion: The 3 times per week for 8 weeks bowling specific kettlebell interval training was greatly increased in two leg muscle mass, right grip strength, dynamic balance of 0° and 225°. The kettlebell specific physical training will not had a negative impact on the bowlers. It could slightly improve the body composition, specific physical fitness and performance. In the future, it is recommended to adjust the training load and increase the number of training exercise to improve the performance of bowling.