WTO《反補貼協議》框架下“不成比例”之事實專向性——“中國式”產能過剩面臨的新挑戰與應對

Disproportionate of De Facto Specificity in Agreement of Subsidies and Countervailing Measures–The New Challenge and Response for China's Overcapacity

美國訴中國原鋁補貼案”不僅是美國就“中國式”產能過剩在WTO提出的首起案件，也是美國首次訴稱中國相關政策構成《反補貼協議》中“不成比例”事實專向性補貼的申訴。面對美國對“中國式”產能過剩提出的這一最新挑戰，我國可根據“不成比例”事實專向性的構成要素與判斷標準，結合被訴鋁業補貼措施的不同性質，實施原則與例外相結合的應對策略。具體而言，針對多功能性的投入品低價措施，可在檢視美國是否完成舉證責任的基礎上，反證其不構成“不成比例”；針對單一功能性的投入品低價措施，應根據固有特徵檢測，主張此類措施屬“不成比例”事實專向性的例外，因此不構成應受《反補貼協議》規制的補貼。

The Case of China'Subsidies to Producers of Primary Aluminium from United States is not only the first case about China's Overcapacity, but also the first compliant about the subsidy policies of China constitute the disproportionate of de facto specificity in Agreement of Subsidy and Countervailing Measures”. Faced with the new challenge, the responses of China is to establish the basic strategies of principles combined with the exception according to the different nature of the alleged measures and the components and criterions of disproportionate of de facto specificity. To be specific, China should examine whether the party of countervailing investigation provide positive evidences to demonstrate the “ disproportionate ” and disproof the alleged measures does not constitute “disproportionate” for the low price measures of multi-functional inputs; for the low price measures of single functional inputs, China should claim it belongs to the exception of disproportionate of de facto specificity according to inherent features detection.