條約在我國國內法領域中的落實

The Implementation of Treaties in the Municipal Legal Order of Taiwan

國家有履行其所締結條約之義務。基此，條約由國家機關及人民予以適用。國家得自行決定，條約是否一經生效，即可在國內法領域中予以適用，或是應透過國內法上機制引入國內法領域中後，始得被適用。我國法制的立場是：條約非經國內法上機制引入國內法領域，不得被適用。條約引入我國國內法領域之機制有二。其一，由國內法上所規定之特定行為把條約引入國內法領域。其二，由立法機關制定法律，並以條約做為其內涵。本文的目的，在於檢討前揭把條約引入國內法領域之機制。

States are obliged to implement treaties which they have concluded. This implies that treaties should be applied by States organs and individuals. States are free to decide whether a treaty is automatically applicable in municipal legal order at the very moment it enters into force, or a treaty is applicable only after it is transferred into municipal legal order. The legal system of Taiwan has taken the position that a treaty is not applicable in the municipal legal order of Taiwan, unless it is incorporated into it. There are two mechanisms to incorporate treaties into the municipal legal order of Taiwan. Firstly, treaties are incorporated into municipal legal order by the specific legal acts within municipal law. Secondly, the Parliament enacts law reproducing the content of a treaty. This article purposes to examine the mechanisms of introducing treaties into the municipal legal order of Taiwan.