從各國販毒罪之特殊規定論我國販毒罪之修正

On the Amendment of the Crime of Drug Trafficking in Taiwan from the Special Provisions of the Crime of Drug Trafficking in Various Countries

本研究目的在於比較其他國家對於「販毒」刑罰之特殊規定，用以檢討我國販毒罪之修正問題。研究顯示在美國、德國、中國大陸對於販毒罪皆設有「具體量刑標準」之立法設計，會針對販毒的「數量」、不同類型的販毒方式（例如攜帶武器販毒、幫派組織販毒、以電腦網路販賣毒品、利用未成年人販毒、販賣毒品予未成年人）而給予不同之量刑標準，而不是一開始就以「死刑」「無期徒刑」懲罰所有販毒（包括製造、運輸毒品）者。各國會根據其行為特徵對社會的危害性而給予不同程度的刑罰，以打擊真正有組織性及大、中盤販毒者；在日本則是獨立出「仲介」毒品的犯罪刑罰類型，以解決協助「合資購買毒品」、「代購毒品」、「幫助他人施用毒品」「幫助他人販賣毒品」在法律上應有之刑罰評價；在香港、澳門則是增加了若干販毒場所（例如醫院、監所、學校、舞廳、酒店、KTV、酒吧）的加重刑罰規定，以避免販毒者在這些販毒熱點上繼續販毒，以避免造成社會更大的危害；在澳門立法上甚至規定「販毒者以調製或混合的方式使毒品變質或攙假，增加對他人的生命或身體完整性的危害」之條文，以解決混合性毒品問題，皆值得作為我國有關販毒懲罰條文修法上之參考。

The purpose of this study is to compare the special provisions of other countries on the ''trafficking of drugs'' penalties to review the amendments to the crime of drug trafficking in Taiwan. The study shows that in the United States, Germany, and China, there are legislative provisions for ''special sentencing standards'' for drug trafficking crimes. They will target the'' quantity'' of drug trafficking and different types of drug trafficking methods (such as carrying weapons and drug trafficking, gang trafficking, and computer networks). Instead of punishing all drug trafficking (including manufacturing and transporting drugs) by ''death penalty'' or ''life imprisonment'', they are given different penalties for drug trafficking, drug trafficking for minors, and trafficking in drugs to minors. According to the characteristics of their behavior, they will be given different degrees of penalties for the harm of society to combat genuinely organized and large-scale and mid-disciplinary drug traffickers. In Japan, it is the type of criminal punishment for independent'' Intermediary '' drugs to solve the problem. Joint ventures to buy drugs, ''purchasing drugs'', ''helping others to use drugs'' and ''helping others to sell drugs'' should be judged by law; in Hong Kong and Macao, there are a number of drug trafficking sites (such as hospitals, institutions, schools, dance halls, hotels, KTV). ,bar) aggravated penalties to prevent drug traffickers from continuing to drug trafficking at these drug trafficking hot spots to avoid Greater harm to society. In the Macao legislation, it is even more stipulated that ''the drug traffickers use the means of modulation or mixing to deter or falsify drugs and increase the harm to the life or physical integrity of others'' to solve the problem of mixed drugs. A reference to the punishment of the text.