何去何從的天主教愛國會？：從天主教上海教區金魯賢主教的「四駕馬車」談起

What Path Will the Catholic Patriotic Association Take?: On the “Four-Horse Team Carriage” Model by Jin Luxian, Catholic Bishop of the Shanghai Diocese

中國天主教愛國會是政府對教會進行社會主義改造的重要成果。「後協議時代」裡，愛國會何去何從是值得探討的問題。本文介紹了金魯賢主教在上海教區建構的「四駕馬車」的模式，對天主教愛國會的「正名」，以及用對話代替對抗的思想。本文以基督教領袖丁光訓主教針對類似機構——基督教三自愛國運動委員會轉型的失敗嘗試作為反思的相關背景，認為天主教上海教區金魯賢主教的嘗試只是特例，這個機制的有效性取決於推行者個人魅力。如果愛國會組織是特殊政體中某個時期內無法撤銷的社會團體，那麼教會應該通過對話和其它途徑，探索與它相處的模式和原則。在政府宗教治理層面來看，推動國家主導的社會團體的轉型也應是深化機構改革的「新時代」的一個方向。

The Chinese Catholic Patriotic Association (CPA 中國天主教愛國會) was a significant result of the socialist transformation of the Catholic Church by the government in China. In this post-agreement era, the path that the CPA will take is a question worth consideration. This article introduces the “Four-Horse Team Carriage” (四駕馬車) model developed by Bishop Aloysius Jin Luxian (金魯賢) of the Shanghai Diocese and his efforts to rectify the name of CPA, as well as his move to pursue dialogue in place of antagonism. this article addresses the failed attempt by K.H. Ting (丁光訓), a Christian leader in the Chinese Protestant Church, at transforming a similar institution, the Christian Three-Self Patriotic Movement Committee (基督教三自愛國運動委員會), to serve as a foil and point of reflection. I argue that Bishop Jin's attempt is a special instance; the effectiveness of the mechanism of such a transformation depends on the personal charisma of the leading advocate in such efforts. If the CPA is a social organization that cannot be removed in the context of particular political system during a certain period, then the Church should explore its own alternative modes and principles through dialogue or other approaches. From the perspective of a government religious administration, the transformation of a social organization, compelled by its national leader, should also be directed at a “new generation” of deepening institutional reforms.