懸擱與邊界：宗教現象學與社會系統理論的對話

Epoché and Boundary: A Dialogue between Phenomenology of Religion and Social Systems Theory

「懸擱」是宗教現象學從哲學現象學借用來的概念，並被宗教學者發展成為重要的方法論環節，以獲得對宗教的本質直觀為目標。本文要探討懸擱概念在宗教現象學中的方法論意涵，這份研究分為兩部分，首先，筆者試圖從范德雷對懸擱概念的闡述開始，討論懸擱如何被用於與「邊界」有關的課題，包括宗教學與其他學科在方法上的劃界，以及往往以「圈內人╱圈外人」來表達的在學者和信仰者之間的跨界。其次，筆者試圖藉由與魯曼的社會系統理論的對話來推進對懸擱和邊界問題的思考，主張對於現代社會之宗教現象的本質直觀，應同時洞察其歷史面向和社會面向，獲得一種更全面的視野。

“Epoché” is a concept of religious phenomenology borrowed from philosophical phenomenology and was developed by scholars of religious studies, becoming an important methodological component used to obtain eidetic intuition into religion. This article attempts to explore the methodological implications of epoché in the field of phenomenology of religion. This study is divided into two parts. First, beginning with an exposition of the thought of Gerard van der Leeuw, I discuss how the concept of epoché is employed in questions related to “boundaries,” including the issue of methodological demarcations between religious studies and other disciplines, as well as the insider/outsider distinction often expressed in relation to scholars and believers traversing boundaries. Second, in dialogue with Niklas Luhmann's social systems theory, I reflect on the issue of epoché and boundaries, arguing that, for eidetic intuition into the religious phenomenology of modern society, we should, at the same time thoroughly examine the historical and social aspects of modern society. In doing so, we gain an even more comprehensive view of modern society.