從象徵到宗教交談：論潘尼卡之宗教經驗的回歸

From Symbol to Religious Dialogue: Exploring the Returning to Religious Experiences of Panikkar

本文從象徵分析出發，說明潘尼卡提出的基督論所呈顯的兩層意涵，一為耶穌做為基督在特定文化脈絡下的歷史意義，另一個則是在此基督經驗背後，所隱含的對整體實在的經驗；而此兩部分，同時也呼應了潘尼卡提出的兩種對話模式，即「辯證的對話」和「對話的對話」，而潘尼卡多元論宗教對話的著眼，後者更甚於前者。透過與其他宗教的「他者」之對話過程中，使對話者更進一步反思自身宗教論述中的經驗性意涵。本文第一部份以法國詮釋學家保羅‧呂格爾（Paul Ricoeur）的象徵分析作為說明潘尼卡論述的鋪陳。第二部分則就潘尼卡的理論，尤其是基督論的部分做陳述與說明，第三部分則論及宗教交談。簡言之，潘尼卡從生命中對實在的體驗出發，說明宗教論述中語言的象徵性，藉此認識，真正的宗教交談，即對話的對話，才有真正開展的可能性。

Employing the religious symbolism analysis, this article explores the two aspects of Panikkar's 'Christophony': the historical meaning of Jesus as Christ in the context of certain culture, and the experience of Reality under the experience of Christ. These two aspects correspond to the two Panikkar modes of dialogue: the 'dialectic of dialogue' and the 'dialogue of dialogue', respectively. The latter aspect has higher emphasis on Panikkar's religious pluralism. Through the dialogue with the religious 'others', it is revealed that one's own religious dogmatism is based on their own religious experience. This article is divided into three parts. Firstly, Paul Ricoeur's theory of symbol is introduced as a framework to understand Panikkar's Christophany, which is later explained in the second part of the article. Finally, the religious dialogue is discussed. In conclusion, the 'real' dialogue between religions, which is the 'dialogue of dialogue', can only be fulfilled when one is aware that the symbolic meanings of the language in religious discourse are based on the experiencing of Reality.