《客家社會生活對話》中「到3」、「到5」功能的重疊及其與臺灣客語的比較

The Functional Overlap of tao? and tao? in Conversations Chinoises Prises sur le Vif avec Notes Grammaticales : Langage Hac-Ka and a Comparison with Taiwan Hakka

本文從「到」用法較為多元的《客家社會生活對話》語料出發，探討3前賢學者已經有所著墨的「到」、「到」功能的重疊與分工，並且較詳細的35描寫臺灣客家話相關用法的情況。文中一一探討這些成分作為帶趨向終點的動後成分、動相補語、傀儡可能補語、完成體標記、持續體標記及狀態或程度補語標記的用法。在此基礎上，本文探討兩個相關的問題：一是「到」3的本字問題，二是「V到來」與「來3V到5/去」的語法、語義性質。

Based on data from Conversations Chinoises Prises sur le Vif avec Notes Grammaticales : Langage Hac-Ka, of which the postverbal tao has quite diverse usages, this article discusses the parallel and distinguishing functions of tao and tap, which have been explored by some accomplished scholars previously; furthermore, the related usages of tao and tap in Taiwan Hakka are discussed and compared thoroughly as well. The functions of postverbal goal marker, phase marker, dummy potential complement, perfective marker, durative marker and manner or degree complement marker, which tao and tap can act as, are discussed respectively in this article. In addition, there are also some notes on two related issues: the etymology of tao, and the syntactic and semantic characters of ‘V taò loi2' and ‘V taó loi2 /hi5'.