「只」有「自己」才能幫自己──談泰雅語中焦點和反身狀語的互動關係

On the Interaction between Focus and Reflexive Adverbials in Atayal

本文從比較句法的角度來檢驗泰雅語賽考利克方言中nanak的分佈和詮釋，指出其反身和焦點兩種狀語用法均表排他性（exclusiveness），分布也相對自由，可在不同的句法層次出現。另一方面，反身狀語和反身代詞一致，仍保有論元縮減（argumentreduction）的作用，然而其對象已由客體賓語（Themeobject）轉向使事者（Causer）及與事者（Comitant），依其修飾範域表現出不同的自性（selfhood）。以是觀之，句法層系上的分布決定了修飾範域和邏輯範域的大小，而句法和語意之間的對應也由低而高、由實而虛，受到照應性、排他焦點、與事性、使事性、言者中心等用法的層層節制，與製圖理論（Cartographic Approach）的理念相契合。

This paper examines the distribution and interpretation of nanak in Atayal from the vantage point of comparative syntax, pointing out that both its reflexive and focus construals involve exclusiveness, while its distribution is relatively free at adjunct positions in various syntactic layers. On the other hand, as a reflexive adverbial, nanak also pattern with its pronominal counterpart in displaying the effect of argument reduction, though the relevant Theta-role has shifted from Theme to either Causer or Comitant according to its scope, resulting in distinct types of selfhood(i.e., anti-causality vs. anti-comitativity). This leads to our conclusion that the hierarchical distribution of nanak determines its scope of modification and quantification, and, as a consequence, the relevant syntax-semantics correspondences range from lexical to functional according to its “height of interpretation”, strictly conditioned by anaphoricity, exclusiveness, comitativity, causality and speaker-orientedness according to the syntactic cartography.