Causative and Interpersonal Constructions: Manifestations of Kang7 in Modern Taiwanese Southern Min

使動與人際構式：「共」在現代台灣閩南語的表現

From a diachronic perspective, the word kang7共is a versatile function word in Southern Min. It has two equivalents in modern Taiwanese Southern Min (TSM), ka7共and kap4/kah4合. Ka7共is etymologically related to kang7共, while kap4/kah4合is historically unrelated to kang7共. This paper investigate distribution of ka7共(a marker of source, goal, patient, theme, and beneficiary) and kap4/kah4合(a conjunction and a comitative marker) in modern Taiwanese Southern Min with data from the scripts of the TV drama The Sun Shines First in Back Mountain of Public Television Service (Taiwan). Two categories of construction, i.e. causative constructions and interpersonal constructions, are examined in this paper. The causative category includes three constructions which are related via metaphorical extension links (Goldberg 1995: 88-90). The interpersonal category encompasses versatile semantic roles (usually human) that interact with other human roles. It is also argued that the criterion in division of labor of ka7共and kap4/kah4合in modern TSM lies in symmetry.

從歷時的觀點來看，閩南語「共」（kang7）可以標記多種功能。對應到現代台灣閩南語，相對應的各種功能由「共」（ka7）與「合」（kap4/kah4）分工取代。「共」（ka7）源自於「共」（kang7），「合」（kap4/kah4）則與「共」（kang7）無歷史淵源。本文探討現代台灣閩南語「共」（ka7）與「合」（kap4/kah4）的分布，前者為來源標記、目標標記、受事標記、客體標記、受惠者標記，後者為連接詞，也是同事者標記。語料取材來自於台灣公共電視台戲劇《後山日先照》劇本台詞。我們討論兩類構式。使動類構式包含了三個次構式，它們之間藉由Goldberg （1995:88-90）所提到的比喻延伸連結產生關聯。人際類構式則包含了豐富多樣的各種語意角色（大多表示人），與其他表示人的語意角色產生互動。我們也主張現代台灣閩南語的「共」與「合」的分工原則在於對稱性。