福建漳平溪南方言疑問代詞的連讀變調

Tone Sandhi of Interrogative Words of Xinan Dialect in Zhangping County, Fujian Province

本文對福建省漳平市溪南方言疑問代詞在句中的連讀變調作了較為全面的描寫分析。溪南方言連調組的構成可表示為（qn……q2q1）J（h1……hn），J表示基字，每個連調組有且只有一個基字。基前字qn（n≧1）和基後字hn（n≧1）可有可無。基字通常讀單字調，基字為小稱後綴“仔”[a]時讀變調。基前字、基後字分別讀前變調、後變調。句中成分在句子劃分為連調組時有三種連讀變調，即，含基字、讀前變調或讀後變調。一般情況下，溪南方言疑問代詞不在句法結構末位時讀前變調，而其後成分含基字；處於句法結構末位時含基字。溪南方言疑問代詞的連調會因強調而變得不同於一般情況下的連調。疑問代詞不在句法結構末位時，可因受強調而含基字，強調語氣強時，其後成分讀後變調；疑問代詞也會因前面的成分受強調而讀後變調。

This paper discusses the tone sandhi of interrogative words in sentences of Xinan Dialect in Zhangping County, Fujian Province. The construction of tone group(TG) of Xinan dialect can be described as(qn......q2q1) J(h1......hn). J is the key syllable of TG. There is only one key syllable in a TG. J is the key syllable of TG, qn(n≧1) are syllables before J, and hn(n≧1) are syllables behind J. There is only one key syllable in a TG. Syllables which are before or behind the key syllable are optional in a TG. J usually surfaces with citation tone, but takes on sandhi tone when it is the diminutive suffix Zĩ(仔) [a]. Syllables before J take on front sandhi tones, and syllables behind J take on back sandhi tones. When a sentence is segmented into TGs, constituents of the sentence take on three kinds of sandhi tones. Some constituents have at least one key syllable, and syllables of a constituent which have no key syllable all take on front sandhi tones, or all take on back sandhi tones. Generally, when an interrogative word is not the last constituent in a construction, it takes on front sandhi tones, and the constituent after the interrogative word have at least a key syllable. When an interrogative word is the last constituent in a construction, it has a key syllable. Tone sandhi of an interrogative word may be different when its meaning is emphasized. An interrogative word which is not the last constituent in a construction may have a key syllable when its meaning is emphasized, and if it is emphasized strongly, the constituent after it takes on back sandhi tones at the same time. An interrogative word may also take on back sandhi tones when its preceding constituent is emphasized strongly.