《金瓶梅》所見的泉州方言詞匯

Words in Quanzhou dialect seen in Jinpingmei

近代漢語詞匯在現代各方言的保留情況，呈現出交錯縱橫的形態，明末《金瓶梅》的背景，有北蘭陵（山東）與南蘭陵（江蘇）之不同，但其中一些詞語，仍保留在南方的閩粵方言中。本文選取其中若干條帶有閩方言顯著特徵者，包括「生理」、「（吃）桌」、「板」、「臭肉」、「曆日」、「裝（粧）」等，顯示方言保留近代漢語詞匯複雜的一面，而認為依靠語言特點去決定文學作品的作者及其籍貫帶有相當的局限。

Ancient words may be preserved in modern dialects, but the preservation may not have been as straightforward as one would have imagined. The Jinpingmei of the late Ming period, betrays a dialectal difference between the northern(山東) and the southern(江蘇) regions. Some of its expressions are, however, maintained in the Min and Yue dialects. This paper identifieds certain words that are characteristically Min dialects, including「生理」、「(吃) 桌」、「板」、「臭肉」、「曆日」and「裝(粧) 」. Because of the complex nature of lexical preservation in a dialect, caution is required when conducting an authorship study on the basis of linguistic features of a literary composition.