台灣客語的文白異讀研究

The Research Between the Speech Sound And The Pronunciation of Taiwanese Hakka

漢語歷史悠久，使用範圍廣泛，在語言的縱向發展和橫向區隔之間，產生了古今語之異和方言之差，於是一個文字有兩種或兩種以上不同的異讀。這些一字多音的異讀字，其中“又讀”和“同字異音異義”的字，屬於文字音義的不同讀法，非本文所討論。本文只就筆者近年來跟從漢學經師誦讀“童蒙書、四書、唐宋古文、千家詩”等古籍時，採錄經師教授的讀音，以古籍內文中，台灣四縣客語的讀音為主，並訪查海陸、饒平、大埔等次方言的語用現象，理出其文白相對的類型，探討文白讀的歷史層次、競爭，並透視台灣客語在歷史上語言層累積的經過和走向，並以其重要性作結。

With the long history and its widely-use of Chinese language, there are some differences between ancient & modern language and dialects in both the vertical and horizontal development of languages. As a result, it appears that a word has the same pronunciation as another. Among those words with different pronunciation, the “homonym” and “heteronym” ones are belonged to different pronunciation for one word and this research, however, won't cover that. In the past years, the author followed Han Study teacher to read the ancient books, such as books for children enlightenment,“Si-Shu”,“Ancient articles in Tang and Sung dynasty”and “Chien-Chia Shih”. Moreover, the author took Four County pronunciation for instance and discovered the language usage of the sub-dialects like Hailu, Raoping and Dapu. After clarifying the types of speech sound and the pronunciation, the author discussed the historical hierarchy and its competence(priority) of the speech sound and the pronunciation. Trying to penetrate the language formulation process of Taiwanese Hakka in history and its trend, this article ends up with its importance.