論閩南語複合詞的內部結構

On the Internal Structures of Compound Words of Southern Min

長期以來，討論漢語裡造句的形式和構詞的形式總用同一套結構模式。在閩南語裡，句法結構就常被用來說明複合詞的結構。的確，不少複合詞的結構與短語的句法結構十分接近，且深受其影響。但從結構層次、詞素序和詞序的順序形式、詞素序的非詞法性質來看，兩者仍存在一定的差別。因此本文嘗試在句法結構的基礎上，輔以詞彙意義，為複合詞的結構關係重新分類。具體作法包括：一、由內部結構與外部功能作分析，並以布龍菲爾德（Leonard Bloomfield）在《Language》所提的向心結構（endocentric construction）理論為基礎，觀察複合詞的詞類與詞素類的關係。二、把複合詞中違反一般句法關係的結構方式，與難以用語法關係歸類的特殊結構彙整出來。三、在句法結構的基礎上，以描寫詞彙學的角度補充、說明非句法關係的複合詞結構，並提出一套符合閩南語複合詞的關係類型。

This essay aims to re-categorize the internal structures of compound words of Southern Min, based on syntactic structures and lexical meanings. My methods include: 1.observing the relationship among parts of speech and morphemic category in compound words, by analyzing the internal structures and external functions, based on the endocentric construction theory put forth by Leonard Bloomfield in Language; 2. sorting out the structures in the compound words that defy syntactical rules, and the special structures hard to be categorized by grammatical relation; 3. explaining the structures of compound words of asyntactic relationship on the basis of descriptive lexicology, and suggesting a relationship category that fits the compound words of Southern Min.