從方言比較看情態詞的歷史演變

A Study on the Diachronic Development of Chinese Modals from the Perspective of the Dialectal Comparison

情態是指說話者對命題的態度或觀點，情態往往牽涉到必然性、可能性、或然性、義務、許可、能力、意志等概念。就漢語情態體系的發展而言，先秦已形成一情態體系，然而這個系統隨著時間產生變化，其變化包括三個部分：情態詞的語法化，雙音節化，及詞彙的興替。現代方言間情態體系的差異反映出語言規律的不同，或者代表語言發展的不同階段。

Modality refers to the expression of a speaker's attitude or beliefs concerning the truth status of a proposition. It involves such notions as necessity, possibility, probability, obligation, permission, ability, volition, etc. A modal system has been formed in pre-Qin period, but the system changes through time. The changes include the grammaticalization, disyllabification, and lexical replacement. The diversity shown in dialects may result from the different linguistic rules or represent the different stages in the development.