《章太炎說文解字授課筆記》訂正段《注》析論

“Zhangtaiyan shuo wen biji＂ Revised analysis

《章太炎說文解字授課筆記》（省稱《筆記》），乃章太炎（1869－1936）於1908年在日本講授《說文》時，當時聽課之朱希祖（1879－1944）、錢玄同（1887－1939）、周樹人（1881－1936）的上課筆記編纂而成。章氏當時講解《說文》，是以段玉裁（1735－1815）《說文解字注》為主要之教本，從《筆記》觀之，可見章氏對於段《注》多所考訂。本文整理章氏《筆記》訂正段《注》共130條，分為「訂段《注》校改之《說文》」、「訂補段《注》之說解」。其中「訂段《注》校改之《說文》」，又分為「訂正段《注》之字形」17條、「訂正段《注》之字音」19條、「訂正段《注》之字義」32條；而「訂補段《注》之說解」，又分為「訂段《注》所言之假借」24條、「訂段《注》所論之音義」33條、「訂段《注》說解之引文」5條。章氏對於段《注》之訂正，甚為全面，可見其治段《注》之用心，本文並舉數例說明，章氏訂正段《注》可商榷之處，以見其得失。綜而論之，章氏對於段氏考訂《說文》所使用之資料，採取嚴謹保守的態度，也因此不輕易使用近世出土的古文字資料。從章氏的時代背景思考，當時值清廷、民國鼎革之際，章氏力主「排滿興漢」，以語言文字為漢民族精神之標誌，而《說文》正是其中最重要的經典，是以章氏不輕易改訂《說文》，亦是維護經典的表現。

“Bij” is the lecture notes of Zhang Taiyan (1869-1936) who taught “shuo wen” in Japan in 1908. At that time, Zhang Shi explained “shuo wen”, which was based on Duan Yucai's “Saying Wen Jie Zi Zhu” as the main textbook. From the “Biji” view, it can be seen that Zhang's article on the paragraph “Biji” was more. This article has a total of 130 articles in the revised section of the “Biji” of Zhang's “Biji”, which are divided into “Descriptions”, “Biji”, “Descriptions”, and “Descriptions”. Among them, “The “Speech” of the “Biji” of the “Section” is divided into 17 “Fixed Fonts”, 19 “Fixed Words” and 32 “Corresponding Words”. There are 24 “booking loans”, 33 “booking rights” and 5 pieces of “description”.