論自願性重整──兼論對司法院債務清理法草案重整章的幾點觀察與建議

On Corporate Voluntary Reorganization: Several Observations and Suggestions to the Draft of Debt Clearance Act of Judicial Yuan

公司重整制度是公司法和破產法相互輝映的結晶，長期以來受到公司法學界和破產法學界的高度關注。而我國公司法在2018年的最新修正中對自願性重整制度並未加以更動，表示我國公司法上的自願性重整制度將延續2001年的架構發展下去。因此，本文針對我國法院長期以來在公司重整實務上就公司重建更生可能的判斷，緊急處分的裁定以及公司重整人選任等三大議題的態度進行討論，並探討美國聯邦破產法以及聯合國破產法立法指南對此三大議題的觀點，以及提出本文的相關意見。又在2016年，我國司法院公布了全新一代的債務清理法草案，其中重整章的制定，不但是對我國公司重整制度發展五十年來的總結，也標誌了我國公司重整制度將邁入新的紀元。基此，本文提出以自願性重整為對象，解構我國公司重整制度發展的觀點，並進一步認為，配合DIP理念，鼓勵並解放我國的自願性重整制度，符合司法院債務清理法草案的立法精神，以及聯合國破產法立法指南的期許。因此，本文中對司法院2016年債務清理法草案的觀察和建議，都是希望打開我國目前在公司自願性重整制度立法面和實務面上的限制，為我國廣大的公司提供更多再出發機會，若果真如此，我國商業社會和公司重整實務的蓬勃發展將可預期，本文熱烈期待。

A corporate reorganization system (CRS) generally has incorporated essential articles of the Company Act with those of the Bankruptcy Act and has long been a focus of academia specializing in the said laws. In 2018, the latest amendment to the Company Act of Taiwan was proposed, yet the system of voluntary reorganization remained unchanged, indicating that the framework of voluntary reorganization established in 2001 will continue to apply. This study explored the attitudes of Taiwanese courts toward the probability of corporate rehabilitation, rulings of emergency disposal, and appointment of reorganizers by reviewing actual cases of corporate reorganization. The perspectives on these three topics adopted by the United States Bankruptcy Code and Legislative Guide on Insolvency Law of the United Nations were also analyzed. Subsequently, this study proposed its views on the aforementioned issues. In 2016, the Judicial Yuan of Taiwan announced the Draft of Debt Clearance Act, in which the establishment of Reorganization Chapter not only provides an overview of the development of CRS in Taiwan over the past 50 years but also marks a new stage in the development of CRS. Considering the development of corporate reorganization system as the research subject, this study argued that the concept of debtor-in-possession should be adopted to encourage the voluntary reorganization system in Taiwan, thereby fulfilling the legislative spirit of the Draft of Debt Clearance Act and expectations indicated in the Legislative Guide on Insolvency Law of the United Nations. By observing the aforementioned Draft proposed by the Judicial Yuan in 2016 and offering relevant suggestions, this study attempted to lift restraints of corporate voluntary reorganization imposed in legislation and practice, providing more rehabilitation opportunities for various Taiwanese businesses. When the aforementioned goals are achieved, the development of business society and corporate reorganization practices in Taiwan is expected to thrive.