從憲法文化國原則檢討中央文化組織與規範問題

The Examination of Central Cultural Organization and Regulations from the Perspective of the Principle of Rule of Culture State in the Constitution

隨著文化部的成立，近年來我國文化政策的推動逐漸步上軌道，但國家處理文化事物的原則與定位是否符合憲法價值，仍然存疑。以華山文化創意產業園區為例，華山的目標原是成為結合文化資產、文化藝術和文化創意三大元素的文藝空間，但其經營模式卻引來質疑，認為華山經營的商業意義多於文化意義。究竟我國的文化政策與定位何去何從？本文首先釐清文化的意義與特質，並以憲法角度建構文化國原則的生成、效力與內涵，闡釋國家在推行文化任務時應遵守的憲法誡命，整理分析目前我國文化法制的組織與規範狀況，進一步置於憲法的文化國原則下加以檢驗，藉此對文化法制的現狀與走向提出批評與建議。

After the establishment of Ministry of Culture, cultural policy has been gradually getting on track lately. However, whether the policies conform to the value of the Constitution still remains a question. Taking Huashan Creative Park for example, Huashan was originally aiming at becoming a cultural and artistic space combining historical sites, arts and creative industries. Nevertheless, the operating mode receives criticism that Huashan is tending towards commercialization rather than what it was supposed to be. Where is the proper way to go for our cultural policies? This article first clarifies the meaning and features of the word 'culture', illustrates the development, validity and contents of the principle of rule of culture in perspective of the Constitution, and materializes the obligation and principles under the Constitution which a nation should obey on its cultural policies. Moreover, this article analyzes the present cultural legal system for organizations and regulations, puts them under the examination of the principle of rule of culture. Suggestions for the future of our cultural policies would be proposed in the end.