論大法官解釋的「效力」－－基礎結構的釐清與體系化的觀察

Effects of the Grand Justice Judicial Interpretation - Definition of Basic Structure and Systematic Observations

司法院大法官依憲法規定職掌釋憲之工作，其所為「解釋」之「效力」問題自具有相當的重要性。然現今規範釋憲運作之相關法律對大法官解釋的效力部份均乏明文，所依循者僅為大法官先前所作的若干解釋；學理上對此固不乏有關研究，但多僅以個別效力的議題為論述，凡此即均有再深入探究的必要；此外以大法官解釋「效力」問題之複雜性，吾國目前所重要者亦應在於一個對效力問題體系化的說明，以使各界對此能有基礎結構的合理認知，此即本文主軸所在。本文因此主要即在於一個以「法」的面向對大法官解釋（或憲法法院裁判）的效力問題為總則性的論述，探究各種「效力」面向的基本內涵及其關聯、乃至國外法制繼受的本質思考，亦一併對實務上相關釋字為法理的說明與檢視。而司法院大法官於二○一三年有提出「司法院大法官審理案件法」修正草案，其中關於憲法法庭（與統一解釋法庭）「裁判」之效力部份亦有諸多規定，本文亦一併對此予以分析探究，以為大法官解釋「效力」基礎性內涵的全貌呈現。

The Grand Justice is empowered by the Constitution to make judicial interpretations. The “effects” of the “interpretations” thus become an important issue for research. However, the laws on juridical interpretations do not provide for the involved effects. What govern now are relevant interpretations made by the Grand Justice on this issue. There are numerous academic studies but most of them concentrate on analyses of individual cases. Considering the fact that the effect of judicial interpretations is a complicated issue and no systematic study has ever been made, this article thus aims at conducting systematic inspections on the subject so as to lead concerned professionals to detect the underlying structure. The main purpose of writing is thus to lay out a legal framework for the analyses of theories as well as practice regarding the effect of judicial interpretations. Contextual analyses on legal transplantation will also be adopted to help with explanations. On the other hand, in 2013 the Grand Justice proposed an amendment draft of the “Law to Govern the Disposition of Cases by the Grand Justice”. This article will also discuss on the added provisions governing the effect of judicial interpretations so as to give a full picture.