量刑基準與犯罪後態度之關係

Connection between Standard of Penalty Measurement and Attitude after Crime

行為人之行為於確定構成法律上犯罪行為後，應賦予特定之法律效果，然由於大多國家立法例下，法定刑採取相對法定主義，因此必要經過法官自由裁量，審酌一切相關事由後，形成最後之宣告刑。量刑之過程即為法律適用中極為重要之過程。我國刑法第五十七條所規定之各種量刑事由中，第十款所定「犯罪後之態度」其非但於實務運作上具有重要之影響，也同時產生最多之爭議而備受學者批評，是以本文試圖由量刑基準為出發點，觀察我國刑法第五十七條第十款之「犯罪後態度」。我國刑法第五十七條中所規定之量刑基礎，僅有「行為人之責任」此等項目，倘嚴格採取罪刑法定主義、個別行為責任之觀點，犯罪後態度係於犯罪行為既遂、終了後所發生，實無法與量刑基礎之責任產生關聯而作為量刑事實加以考量。然「犯罪之態度」由量刑基準的角度觀察，並非全然不能作為量刑事實而加以考量，其對於行為人是否存在有預防必要性，應為重要指標之一，是以究竟如何解釋犯罪後態度，即有重新思考之必要。

When a person who have been confirmed that he or she had offended against law, he or she must accept a particular legal result. In mostly legal systems, the forms of criminal law adopt the relativistic legal doctrine and therefore judgments of courtsis essential to build the legal result. When courts attempt making judgments, the criminal's attitudes and actions after committing the crimes become a kind of the most important facts which is considered by courts. Therefore, mostly legal systems have stipulated that one's attitudes and actions after committing the crimes must be thought over by courts when attempting making judgments. In the criminal law of our country, it's also had the same rule at article 57. According to above, the criminal's attitudes and actions after committing the crimes are often considered when the courts of our country making decision of the punishments for crime and therefore it's so important to check the practice of consideration to criminal's attitudes and actions after committing the crimes for courts.