日本國憲法修憲理論之考察──政治學與憲法學的觀點

A Research of the Constitutional Amendment Theory of the Japanese Constitution: From the Perspective of Political Science and Constitutionalism

2018年5月3日日本憲法記念日上，日本安倍晉三首相在公開的錄影信息上直言，「努力進行修憲的時刻終於來臨」。日本每日新聞的分析是，若不強調修憲，今年九月的日本自民黨總裁選舉第三次連任將無法完成外，甚至無法維持政權的存續。今年並未見到2017年5月3日日本憲法記念日上指出的「二○二○年修憲」的目標，當時明白表示，在日本國「憲法第九條第一項與第二項保留下，加上明文規定自衛隊存在的條文」。本文將說明日本國憲法爭議的派別與爭點，並由政治學觀點分析日本政治制度與修憲，指出日本戰後修憲的特徵；同時，由憲法學觀點解釋何謂憲法與修憲的學理，進行憲法學與政治學的對話，最後提出代結語。

Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe's the public message video on the Japanese Constitution Day on May 3, 2018 is blunt, “The moment of trying to amend the constitution has finally arrived.” The analysis of the Japanese Daily News is that if the constitutional amendment is not emphasized, the third re-election of the presidential election of the Japanese Liberal Democratic Party in September this year will not be completed, and even the existence of the regime cannot be maintained. This year, the goal of “revision of the constitution in the year 2020” which was pointed out on the Japanese Constitution Day on May 3, 2017 did not be seen again. At that time, Shinzo Abe indicated that keeping paragraph 1 and 2 under the “Article 9 of the Constitution” of Japan, adding a provision which expressly states that the Self-Defense Force exists.” This article will explain the factions and arguments of the Japanese constitutional dispute, and analyze the Japanese political system and constitutional revision from the perspective of political science, pointing out the characteristics of Japan's post-war constitutional revision; at the same time, explaining the constitutional and constitutional revisions from the constitutional point of view, conducting a dialogue between constitutional law and political science, and finally propose a conclusion.