入華耶穌會教士之漢字學習及其對現代華語文教學的啟示

＂Believe then step into the sea, and doubt then sink with the questions＂-into China in the Ming and Qing Dynasties of the Jesus Church Learning of Chinese Characters and Its Enlightenments to the Teaching of Modern

自1579年（明萬曆7年）羅明堅抵達澳門以來，因「適應政策」的提出，接踵而至的耶穌會教士體認到必須學習中文後能傳教，並且發現掌握漢字對於中國及周邊的國家有其實用性，因此注意到漢字的重要。他們從最初的學習漢字到能分析與歸納漢字的結構與特性，進而以中文著書，在漢字學習與研究上獲得相當豐碩的成果。本文探討明清耶穌會教士初入中國、學習漢字的狀況。考察時間從1579年羅明堅到澳門學習中文開始，到1773年耶穌會在北京解散為止，前後約兩百年。所使用的材料有耶穌會教士的著作、到過中國的西人著作，以及其他相關資料等三大類。經考察後發現其漢字學習途徑包括以中國人為師、互助合作與自學等；主要學習方法則包括看圖識字法、記憶法、構字法與拼音法；主要成果有三：一、以《四書》為識字教材，進而翻譯推廣中國典籍。二、以羅馬字拼寫漢字，進而編輯辭典。三、重視漢字的功能，以中文大量著書。本文突破以往的個案研究，以較為宏觀的角度，將耶穌會教士對於漢字的學習做一有系統的歸納，繼而梳理出其歷史意義及影響，其成果對於現代華語文教學有相當大的啟示。

Since 7 years of Ming Wanli (1579) Luo Mingjian (Michel Riggieri, 1543-1607) arrived in Macau, because ＂Adapt to the policy＂ is proposed, the ensuing Jesus Church priest realized after learning Chinese, and found that to master Chinese characters in China and around the country have its practicality, so attention to the importance of Chinese characters. They can from the initial learning Chinese characters to analysis and summarized the structure and characteristics of Chinese characters, and writing in Chinese, the Chinese study with research on a fairly results. This article discusses the Ming and Qing dynasties Jesus Church priest entered China, learning Chinese characters. Inspection time Luo Mingjian to Macau from 1579 began to learn Chinese, to the Jesus Church was dissolved in Beijing in 1773, before and after about two hundred years. Used by the Jesus Church priest, with the material of works, to westerners, China and other relevant information such as three categories. After investigation found that the way to learn Chinese characters including with Chinese teacher, mutual cooperation and self-study, etc.; The main study methods include the picture literacy, memory, compose words and phoneticlaws; There are three main achievements: one, ＂the four books＂ as literacy teaching, to promote Chinese classics translation. Second, with the Roman word spelling of Chinese characters, and then editing dic tionary. Third, attach importance to the function of Chinese characters, a lot of books in Chinese. Break through the previous case study, this paper with a more macro perspective, the jesuit priest for Chinese learning to do a systematic generalization, then tease out its historical significance and influence, its achievements in modern Chinese language teaching has considerable enlightenment.