中南半島華人華文教育發展之比較（1989─2011）

A Comparative Study on Development of Chinese Education for Overseas Chinese in Indo-China (1989-2011)

中南半島之華人華文教育的討論，主要包括越南、東埔察和察國三國。三國華人華文教育同樣在1950至1960年代達到高峰，而後因政治局勢的改變而被全面禁止，到1980年代後期，受到三國經濟發展策略的轉向，又再度使華人華文教育得到發展的契機。只不過復甦中三國華人華文教育，並非有同樣地樣貌，隨著三國國家政策，華人人口數之多寡，華人社團的支持，及國家經濟和教育層面因素發展的影響，當前三國之華人華文教育有著不同發展態勢。其中寮國之華人華文教育，因與當地國民教育結合，且有華人團體的強力支持，使其教育廣受當地人士的注意；而柬國試圖在華校中另開設柬文班，以利學生同時取得柬國教育文憑；反觀越南雖有較多的華人，同時也有華文中心、華文進修班、華語補習班等類型的華人華文教育，然因與當地國民教育發展分離，不但常受到越南當地普及教育發展之擠壓，同時也面臨無正式文憑而較難有效升學的困境。

With regard of Chinese education of overseas Chinese in Indo-China, it mainly comprises Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos. The Chinese education for overseas Chinese in the three nations reached similarly a peak about 1950-1960, then were comprehensively prohibited from the change of political situation. To the late 1980s, by the change of economic development strategy in Indo-China, the Chinese education got the opportunities of development again. Nothing more than the Chinese education of the three nations was not the same. Since the national policy, Chinese population, the support from the Chinese community, economic and educational development were different, Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos have distinct development trend. Because of Chinese education combined with the local compulsory education, and there is strong support from the Chinese community, the Chinese education of Laos has been noticed by the local people. The other hand, there are not only more overseas Chinese, but also there are Chinese center, Chinese advanced courses, Chinese cram school and other types of Chinese education, however Chinese education in Vietnam often were press and faced more difficult due without a formal diploma and a opportunity for further education.