生態系統理論於兒童肥胖防治之應用

Use of Ecological System Theory in Prevention for Childhood Obesity

體重過重及肥胖現象日益威脅全世界兒童健康，肥胖的兒童會導致日後肥胖的成年人，並產生高血壓、高血脂、心臟病及糖尿病等慢性合併症的年輕化趨勢。為此，世界各國均積極進行兒童肥胖流行病學調查及防治方案探討，我國衛生署及國民健康局也非常重視宣導兒童肥胖預防策略。本文將介紹美國醫學研究院所建議之簡易生態系統理論及能量不平衡原理，並引用Bronfenbrenner生態系統理論架構，說明肥胖的成因是一種生態環境問題，受到個人內在與外在生態環境之複雜交互作用影響所致，最終以生態系統理論歸納兒童肥胖之實證文獻，統整出兒童肥胖的生態原因及防治建議。

The dramatic increased prevalence of childhood obesity and overweight threatens children’s health worldwide. Weight-related hypertension, hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes are manifesting in youth population. Similar to many health organizations in other countries, the Bureau of Health in Taiwan has government policies focus on childhood obesity epidemic survey and preventive interventions. This article introduced simplified ecological system theory and energy imbalance theory suggested by the Institution of Medicine. Furthermore, the conclusion integrates Bronfenbrenner’s ecological system theory model to explain the etiology of childhood obesity. This conclusion will provide the related research results of childhood obesity, discuss the associated factors of the ecological environment system, and develop the childhood obesity prevention intervention suggestion.