公共運輸轉乘時間縫隙檢核指標之建立與應用

THE DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF TIME GAP INDICATORS FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORT TRANSFERS

大眾運輸轉乘可以延伸公共運輸服務的範圍，但不協調的轉乘將造成乘客時間與精力的浪費。多運具間無縫轉乘是提升大眾運輸系統連結性的終極目標，但複合運輸系統需要透過無縫轉乘指標才可找出時間縫隙。因此，本研究旨在發展轉乘檢核指標，以探究複合運輸系統彼此間轉乘之時間縫隙。本研究進而從公共運輸整合資訊流通服務平臺萃取臺鐵各車站與其接駁公車資料，進行實例分析。由時間縫隙檢核之實證分析結果發現，臺鐵227個車站中，平均轉乘時間長、班次可轉乘率低之車站共有29站，屬於時間縫隙高的低轉乘品質車站。在臺鐵不同車站等級以及車站不同位屬區域之轉乘時間縫隙分析上，發現車站等級越高且位於臺灣北中南區域之車站，大部分的班次可轉乘率較高、平均轉乘時間較短，屬於時間縫隙小的高品質轉乘站。在臺鐵站末班車轉乘時間縫隙分析上，發現大部分臺鐵車站之末班車轉乘比率低於整體轉乘比率，意謂搭乘臺鐵末班車乘客，大多難以轉乘至公車。藉由本研究提出之無縫轉乘檢核指標，大眾運輸之規劃者與政策制定者將可有效地找出大眾運輸系統彼此間的時間縫隙。

Transfers can extend the range of most public transportation but poorly synchronized transfers result in a waste of passengers’time and efforts. A seamless transfer between different modes of transport is the end goal that will upgrade the connectivity of public transportation systems. This results in a need for seamless transfer indicators that can identify the time gaps in the intermodal transportation system. Consequently, this study aims to develop these transfer indicators that will help to discover the time gaps in intermodal transfers. To do this, this study extracts data from Taiwan's Railway station and its feeder buses from Public Transport Data eXchange. The empirical results from the intermodal transfer evaluation reveal that out of 227 Railways stations, 29 stations displayed a high average waiting time and low transfer rate, which implies that these stations have a high time gap which causes a severe problem in the quality of their transfers. Regarding railway stations with different levels and locations, the empirical results from the transfer time gap analysis indicates that higher level stations in the northern, central, or southern regions of Taiwan are more likely to have a higher transfer rate and with a lower waiting time. These stations fall under high quality transfer stations since they have a low transfer time gap. The empirical results from the time gap analysis of the last train reveal that the last train transfer rate from most Railways stations is lower than the average train transfer rate, which implies that the last-train passengers struggle to transfer to a bus. From the study's proposed seamless transfer indicators, public transport planners and policy makers will be able to correctly identify the time gaps between transportation systems.