太陽花學運中社群網站關鍵議題探索

Exploring Key Issues of the Sunflower Student Movement in Social Media Forums

近年引起社會關注的許多社會事件均有網路社群的討論與涉入，例如白玫瑰運動、洪仲丘事件或是太陽花學運等。隨著社會與科技的變遷，公民成為網民，許多公共性的議題可能在看似虛擬的社群媒體上被討論，進而發酵，回過頭來實際地影響人們在實體空間中的決策。社群媒體的興起與其在公共議題上扮演的角色已引發研究者與為政者的關注，公共議題如何被形塑與定調常取決於其被如何框架，在社群媒體興起的現代，網路上的討論慢慢地取代傳統媒體在框架形成與議題設定上的角色，是故公共議題在網路上的討論形成那些框架，網民如何定調公共議題也成為在公共政策上應被關注的重心之一。本研究利用爬蟲軟體將社群媒體對太陽化學運之討論內容下載，嘗試探索一個公共議題如何在社群媒體被討論及被展現，在討論中被形成那些框架議題？相關議題構面是不是隨著時序推展或改變？各關鍵議題構面間有沒有因果關係存在等問題。本研究蒐集PTT及FB兩個網路社群由太陽花學運爆發的前一個月至其滿一年的月底，共計14個月的資料，以了解社群媒體在太陽花事件發展期間的相關討論，由留言討論中定義出共計的38個關鍵議題進行分析。在分析方法上，在定義出關鍵議題後，形成框架構面，並利用河流圖及頻率分析了解關鍵議題之時序及強度之變化，最後將關鍵議題之框架構面進行關聯與因果分析。研究結果說明了太陽花學運的議題生命週期在網路上與傳統媒體有所不同，事件一發生便進入議題爆發階段；研究結果亦證實了太陽花學運在網民的框架視角中被認知為政治事件；最後，網路社群的留言討論的確存在時序與構面互相影響的現象。

Social media has been playing an important role at many important social events discussions in Taiwan. For instance, the White Rose event, the death of Soldier Hung Chung-chiu event, and the Sunflower student movement. With the transition of society and technology, citizens are becoming netizens. Public issues are discussed intensively on different visual forums. Furthermore, the discussions in social media encourage citizen taking actions in the real world. Researchers and practitioners have paid a lot of attentions on the role of social media in the public affairs. How public affairs be defined sometimes depends on how they are framed by public discussions. In this era, the discussions in the social media has gradually replaced the role of traditional media in framing and agenda-setting. Therefore, the purposes of this research are threefold: first, what are key issues of these discussions and how these issues become 'frames' for public affairs. Second, what the patterns of the key issues and the relationships of different frames; and finally, what the time causality relationship of the frames. The authors collected data from Feb. 1, 2014 to March 31, 2015. The analysis methods included text-mining, frequency analysis, correlation analysis, and vector autoregression model. The results indicated that the life cycle of discussions in Sunflower student movement is different from the pattern of a life cycle in traditional media. The correlation of student movement is higher in political dimension than in economic dimension. Finally, there is a time relationship among different dimensions in the discussions.