重症病人病況惡化的早期警示系統

Early Warning System for Illness Deterioration in Critically Ill Patients

重症病人病況惡化的評估在重症醫療照護為重要過程，經由科學的評估才能早期偵測病人病況惡化及早介入醫療照護措施。本文透過實證文獻的整理，將過去到目前已發展常用於有關重症病人病況惡化的早期警示系統做介紹：（一）疾病嚴重度評估系統、（二）早期警示評分工具、（三）連續器官功能衰竭評估計分。期盼能提供急重症單位護理人員參考應用，並進行早期警示系統評估工具的驗證，提升病人的照護及促進預後。

Monitoring the current and ongoing health status of patients with critical illnesses is an important function in critical care. Science-based assessments permit the early detection of deterioration in patient condition and the early implementation of medical care interventions. In this article, the empirical literature on this topic is reviewed and common early warning systems used currently and previously to detect deterioration in critically ill patients, including the disease severity assessment system, the early warning scoring tool, and the sequential organ failure assessment, are introduced. It is hoped that nursing staffs in acute and intensive care units use the information in this article to apply and validate early warning systems in order to improve the care and prognosis of critically ill patients.