臀大肌弱化與選擇性訓練方式之探討

Gluteus maximus weakness and selective trainings

臀大肌是下肢運動中進行推蹬力量表現時重要的肌肉之一，然而卻會因為受傷或交互抑制等因素限制其功能，並影響軀幹結構穩定情形，長期影響下也可能導致傷害風險增加，如腿後肌群拉傷、椎間盤突出、骨盆前傾與其他肌肉神經肌肉活化異常等。因此本文便針對臀大肌之解剖構造與功能特性介紹、常見造成臀大肌弱化因素與相關病症之關聯進行文獻整合，最後討論目前針對選擇性訓練臀大肌與實務訓練上之應用進行文獻探討，與提供常見的臀大肌訓練動作。本文可提供給運動訓練教練或運動醫學專家於實務應用上之參考。

Gluteus maximus is one of the important muscles in lower limbs while performing the pressing and pushing movements. However, its function could be suppressed due to injuries or reciprocal inhibition, and consequently affected the stability of torso. In the long term, this might lead to a higher risk of getting injuries such as hamstring muscle strain, herniated disc, anterior pelvic tilt, and abnormalneuromuscular activation. Therefore, this article focused ongluteus maximus anatomy structure, the functions of gluteus maximus, common factors that causes gluteus maximus weakness, and the effects muscle weakness brings. Finally, the paper discussed the current literatures on the application of selective training to gluteus maximus and suggested five common gluteus maximus training exercises. This article can be used as a reference for practical applications in sports training or sports medicine experts. This article can be used as a reference for practical training applications for sports trainers or sports medicine experts.