戰後臺灣產業政策思想的特點與變遷

The Characteristics and Changes of Taiwan's Industrial Policy Thoughts after World War II

臺灣在戰後幾十年時間，就從一個以農業、輕工業為主的經濟體發展成一個以高科技、知識密集產業為主的發達經濟體，曾經創造了舉世矚目的成就。縱觀臺灣在二戰以後的產業政策，主要經歷了1950、1960年代從進口替代轉向出口導向，1970、1980年代重點扶植高科技產業發展，1990年代、21世紀以後扶植創新驅動的知識密集型產業發展等幾次大的調整和轉折，在這一產業政策變遷過程中，臺灣在善於運用比較利益原則的同時，又不盲目迷信市場萬能並通過政府力量來培植後發優勢、打造「國家創新體系」，並且和同期在產業政策中照顧傾斜大財團的日韓國家相比，還體現出獨特的重視中小企業發展的政策特點，這些都為大陸的產業政策調整和產業結構升級提供了可資探討的寶貴借鑒。

During the decades after world war II, Taiwan has become an economy entity based on high-technology industries and knowledge-intensive industries from one based on agriculture and light industries, which has made remarkable achievements in the world. Making a comprehensive survey of Taiwan's industry policy after second world war, Taiwan experienced import substitution, export substitution in 1950's and 1960's, giving priority support to high-technology industries in 1970's and 1980's, encouraging knowledge-intensive industries in 1990's and after 21st century. During the transition of industry policies, Taiwan not only made good use of comparative advantages, but also made good use of late-mover advantages and created a national innovation system by government power, and especially attached great importance to medium and small enterprises compared to Korea and Japan's industry policies which attached great importance to big business. All the experience of Taiwan offered reference value for Mainland's industry policy adjustment and upgrading of industry structure.