中共南海九段線定位與美國航行自由行動之挑戰

The position of the nine-dash line of the CPC South China Sea and the challenge of American freedom of navigation action

眾所矚目的「南海仲裁案」在歷經三年餘審理之後，仲裁結果已於2016年7月12日宣判，一般咸認提訟國菲律賓在這場法律戰中「大獲全勝」。南海仲裁案雖然塵埃落定，但中國自始即表示對仲裁案不接受、不參與且不執行因此南海爭端並未因判決而就此平息，問題始終持續，中國自仲裁案展開初期即持續在南海島礁施工，仲裁案宣判後更積極投入龐大的人力與資源在南海疆域填礁造島、大興土木，無論機場或軍事設施建造毫無停止跡象，造成沿海諸國憂慮，另一方面，面對國際指責，中國也始終未曾正式說明有關「九段線」內水域之性質，堅持具有「歷史性權利」，而美國在重返亞洲政策之下，以「航行自由」為由數度派遣船艦在南海海域巡航以致中、美兩國海、空軍間之磨擦時有所聞，長此下去難免爆發軍事衝突，有礙南海區域和平、安全、與穩定，本文針對南海仲裁案後，中國對「九段線」的立場及美國航行自由的行動做一深入研討，期望對南海爭議有更深入了解，對爭議的解決有所助益。

After more than three years of trial, the Arbitration Tribunal issued its award on the South China Sea Dispute on July 12, 2016, and the international community generally considered the award to be comprehensively in favor of the Philippines, the party initiated the arbitration. Although the South China Sea arbitration case has come to an end, China has said-right from the beginning-that it would not accept putting the case to arbitration, would not participate in the arbitration, and would not enforce the arbitration award. So, the South China Sea dispute remains unresolved. At the same time, China continues construction of infrastructures in South China Sea islands and reefs. After the tribunal issued its award, China actively invested huge manpower and resources in the South China Sea to fill reefs to build island for development into airports and other military bases, causing concern among other coastal States. In addition, and despite international accusation, China has never explained about the essence of the so-called ＂nine-dash line＂ and just insisted that it has a ＂historical right＂ over the territory in dispute. The United States, under what it claims as the policy of Returning to Asia and to protect ＂freedom of navigation＂, repeatedly sent naval vessels into the disputed waters causing friction between the China and the United States, which might eventually lead to military conflict, hindering peace, security and stability in the South China Sea region. This article aims at conducting an in-depth study to get a deeper understanding about the South China Sea arbitration case, China's position on the ＂nine-dash line＂ and the United States' position on freedom of navigation that might help to resolve the dispute.