臺灣開英種鳳梨主要系群之分佈與特性

The Distribution and Features of Some Important Types of Smooth Cayenne Pineapple in Taiwan

臺灣鳳梨栽培於1694年，品種係由中國大陸引進，稱為在來種鳳梨，生育品質雖佳，然產量低，纖維粗，花腔深，不宜於製罐。故自製罐工業發展之後，遂自夏威夷及南洋一帶大量引進開英種（Smooth Cayenne）鳳梨，據統計自1922年至1926年五年間共引進1,636,169株，1927年至1935年九年間引進2,504,459株，當時並於屏東之萬丹與高雄之大樹設立種苗養成所，專司於繁殖推廣鳳梨苗事。

(1) Since the introduction of Smooth Cayenne pineapples to Taiwan in 1922, great quantity of propagation and extension have been carricd on among growers. Now, 83% of the present 7,000 hectares of pineapples are Smooth Cayenne variety which is the leading canned pintiapple in Taiwan. (2) As a result of large-scale propagation and extesion, attention was concentrated on the quantitative increasement of planting materinls while selection of better seedling was neglectcd. Sltrains were mixed and inferior mutation have been prevailed. After the restoration of Taiwan, in order to increase production of pineapple industry and improve the qualityof pineapple fruits, the Department of Agriculture and Forestry, JCRR, Taiwnn Pineapple Corporation and Fengshan Tropical Horticultural Experiment Station began to Cooperate to expanding the pineapple seedling selection in Tai-wan. Four pineapple types of Smooth Cayenne variety were discovered in the course of the selection. (3) According to survey made in 1953, the most wide distributed type is Collar of slips, Occupying 95.15%. Normal Smooth Cayenne, 4.51%, elevated eye 0.3%, Sarawak 0.04% (4) According to the investigations made in 1954—1956, the features of collar of slips are: multiple slips, late and less suckers, which influence the yield of ratoon crop, many tumors under the base of fruit. It is the recognized as a bad type. The features of normal Smooth Cayenne are the reverse of the collar of slips: less slips, earlier suckers and high, yield both in first and second crops, no tumors on the fruit, fruit size big and shape excellent, percentage of canning is high and quality is good. It is a good type. The features of elevated eye are: plaat comparably drawf, fruit eye elevated, fruit stalk short, percentage of multiple crown high. The features of Sarawak are: petals do not open during blossom, fruit give drum-like voice when knocked during mature, specific gravity lower than one, more powder on the fruit, The last two types have their perfections and defects, it is, so far, difficulty to say which is better. (5) Based on the characteristics of each type, a type key has been made in order te distinguish, one from another.